Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Diseño de un dinamómetro eléctrico para motores de hasta 100 HP(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019-12) Zafra Urrea, Ronald Miguel; Santana Diaz, Alfredo; RR/tolmquevedo; Calderón Nájera, Juan de Dios; Hernández Castillo, David; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus TolucaEl desarrollo de las investigaciones acerca de vehículos eléctricos ha permitido que la industria automotriz haya emprendido la generación de nuevas tecnologías, con el propósito de reemplazar los motores a combustión por propulsados con electricidad. Estos motores son evaluados en dinamómetros de los cuales se ponen a prueba entre otras, el desempeño mecánico del motor. Las tecnologías de carga varían. Un ejemplo es el dinamómetro hidráulico, capaz de crear una carga sobre el motor al retener un líquido en un sistema diseñado para dicho propósito. Este trabajo contiene el diseño completo de un dinamómetro hidráulico de aceite ingenieril para motores de propósito automotriz de hasta 100 caballos de potencia, donde se diseñan elementos estructurales bajo cargas estáticas y dinámicas (primeros modos de falla), se seleccionan componentes hidráulicos según los cálculos requeridos y se diseña e implementa un circuito electrónico de potencia para su posterior ensamble y puesta a punto. Finalmente, bajo la norma IEEE 112 del año 2017, se aplican pruebas de desempeño mecánico y eléctrico del motor a lo largo de un rango de velocidades propuestos, siendo comparados con las curvas que el proveedor del motor eléctrico suministra, demostrando la validez del dinamómetro construido.
- Framework Development for the Communication System of an Interactive Space with Biometric Sensors for Emotion Recognition(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019-12) López Aguilar, Ariel Alejandro; LOPEZ AGUILAR, ARIEL ALEJANDRO; 886598; Bustamante Bello, Martín Rogelio; tolmquevedo, emipsanchez; Cruz Gómez, Enríque; Molina Espinosa, José Martín; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Navarro Tuch, Sergio AlbertoDomotics seeks to generate a sense of well-being in society through the integration of different task to facilitate the tasks in the home area; however, it can go further using services that positively affect the user’s emotional state. In Emotional Domotics, it is sought the development of home automation systems that integrate biometric systems for the emotion recognition to generate an ideal scenario for the user to benefit their mental health or to improve its academic or working performance. To achieve this objective, it must first be generated a communication system that is compatible with biometric sensors. Throughout this document it is presented the process of emulation of the communication protocol of the international KNX standard for home automation to create a system compatible with biometric sensors for the recognition of emotions. On the other hand, it is presented a case of application of interactive spaces for the evaluation of products through user experience using emotion recognition systems. Finally, it is presented the validation of the effectiveness of the communication system as well as the results of the tests focused on the evaluation of the user experience.
- Estudio paramétrico de la obtención de películas delgadas de ZnO obtenidas mediante pulverización catódica reactiva(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019-11-25) Morales Jiménez, Oscar Bernardo; MORALES JIMENEZ, OSCAR BERNARDO; 887073; Salas Martínez, Olimpia; puemcuervo; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Estado de México; Melo Máximo, LizbethEl presente trabajo aborda el efecto que tienen los diferentes parámetros del proceso de pulverización catódica reactiva asistida por magnetrón sobre la orientación, composición y morfología de películas delgadas bicapa de Zn/ZnO. Para llevar a cabo el análisis del efecto de los parámetros se llevó a cabo la variación de un parámetro a la vez con el fin de identificar sus efectos por separado. Los resultados obtenidos fueron utilizados para determinar experimentalmente los valores de los parámetros que permitirían obtener la mayo orientación (002) de ZnO para el posterior uso de las películas delgadas como sustratos de biosensores de onda acústica de superficie. Los resultados experimentales muestran que la orientación varía de forma no lineal con el cambio el los parámetros, una relación similar se aprecia con la morfología y el espesor de las películas, sin embargo, la composición no mostró cambios importantes en el rango estudiado.
- Mechatronic design of a fast-non-contact measurement system for inspection of castings parts in production line(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019-05-11) Guamán-Lozada, Darío F.; Ahuett-Garza, Horacio; Kurfess, Thomas R.; Urbina Coronado, Pedro Daniel; Orta Castañon, PedroProduct recalls for suppliers (Tier 1-2-3) and OEM represents high financial losses and reputation damage. This has motivated manufacturers to inspect 100% of the specifications of 100% parts produced to avoid liability risks. In general, the manufactured parts are measured in CMM machines, the main problem is that it takes a long time to make the measurement. Therefore, CMM machines cannot be installed in a continuous line process. This problem has led industries to install gauging machines to have full control over their production. Gauging machines are not flexible, a number of sensors equal to the number of targets to be inspected is needed, complicating the maintenance and increasing the cost. Finally, most gauges are of the go-no go type, which only validates whether the characteristics comply with a standard. In addition, due to the arrival of the concept of industry 4.0, companies have seen the need to develop fast, reliable and accurate inspection machines capable of sending proper information about themselves or the product to the cloud. This work presents a new measurement system for an In-Line die-casting process. The main characteristic is the use of a linear motor and non-contact measurement technology for fast and reliable measurements. Also, the machine uses a novel kinematics coupling configuration to allow easy, fast, and accurate positioning of the part in the measurements area. To be compatible with Industry 4.0 the inspection machine is equipped with sensors to send process information to the cloud like operation temperature, vibrations, and dynamic machine behavior.
- Identifying models of DNA polymorphisms associated with alzheimer’s disease using step-wise and genetic algorithms from GWAS data(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019-05) Romero Rosales, Brissa Lizbeth; ROMERO ROSALES, BRISSA LIZBETH; 861461; TREVIÑO ALVARADO, VICTOR MANUEL; 205076; Treviño Alvarado, Víctor Manuel; Vallejo Clemente, Edgar Emmanuel; Moreno Treviño, María Guadalupe; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that involves cognitive deterioration accompanied by memory loss and inability to reason, affecting the patient's ability to carry out daily activities. This disorder is caused by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. The determination of the genetic factors is very important because the disease can be prognosticated and therefore treated before it appears. However, despite research efforts and many putative detections using univariate analyses, only the APOE gene has been plentiful validated as a risk factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the problem of missing heritability arises, implying that only one gene does not determine the heritability of a disorder, but the combined effect of genes could better explain it. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) traditionally use univariate techniques to determine the association between markers and diseases. This research proposes the use of machine learning techniques based on GWAS data to identify sets of polymorphisms that maximize discrimination between cases and controls. This document explains the traditional strategies and theoretical bases that support this research. It presents previous works that apply multivariate methods for the prediction of different diseases and treatments, and their most representative characteristics are considered the basis to inspire a new solution. The proposed methodology includes obtaining genetic data and a pre-processing stage. Afterward, the process involves several quality control procedures that filter samples and SNPs to reduce the number of false positives and false negatives. Next, a chi-squared association test with kinship correction is performed to pre-select markers. Predictive models are built using wrapper and embedded computational methods. The first wrapper method used is BSWiMS, which is based on statistics and procedures of forward and backward selection to generate a logistic model. Its best AUC was 0.689. The second wrapper method used is based on stochastic search and was an ensemble of Genetic Algorithms coupled to a Support Vector Machine classifier followed by a Forward Selection that achieved a maximum AUC of 0.716. The third algorithm used is LASSO, one of the most well-known embedded methods, which use L1-regularization and performs a feature selection process in the training stage of the model. This classifier achieved an AUC of 0.8005. This study incorporates the analysis of poorly classified samples in predictive models as a strategy to build higher predictive models. The best result obtained with the mixed model of the variants of previous models outperformed the others with an AUC of 0.842. This result is promising since the model generated with LASSO showed the highest discrimination between classes, based solely on genetic data. The biological relevance of the markers of the models is presented through their association with their respective gene. The models replicated variants previously associated with Alzheimer's disease, especially on chromosome 19 close to the APOE gene.
- Metodología para asegurar la calidad en la etapa de preparación en proyectos de nuevos productos y procesos(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019-04-03) Obregón de la Garza, Carlos Fernando; OBREGON DE LA GARZA, CARLOS FERNANDO; 845051; Loera Hernández, Imelda de Jesús; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Padilla Ríos, Ricardo; Rodríguez Prado, José Luis; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyEl objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es definir las debilidades existentes en el sistema de preparación de nuevos productos a través del análisis de los problemas de calidad encontrados en las partes automotrices manufacturadas en el período fiscal del año 2015 al 2017, y definir una mejora sistemática para la prevención de problemas de calidad. El proyecto de investigación se realizó en 7 proyectos de la división de componentes del tren motriz de la empresa DENSO México planta Apodaca. Los resultados indican que las principales causas de los problemas actuales son la falta de análisis de cambios del producto y proceso, la falta de un análisis de riesgo a lo largo de todo el proyecto, y el no estandarizar el plan maestro de actividades para cada proyecto. El sistema de preparación de nuevos productos fue mejorado sistemáticamente al introducir un plan estándar para la administración de proyectos el cual tiene el objetivo de identificar riesgos de manera oportuna. Además, se definió una metodología para el análisis de puntos de cambio y la definición de las actividades a realizar en base a los riesgos potenciales.
- Transcriptomic meta-analysis of sorted CD133+ stem cells and their analogues in cancer yields a set of common differentially expressed genes and overrepresented functional categories(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019) Campa Carranza, Jocelyn Nikita; CUEVAS DIAZ DURAN, RAQUEL; 359186; Cuevas Díaz Durán, Raquel; RR, emipsanchez; Martínez Ledesma, Juan Emmanuel; Treviño Alvarado, Víctor Manuel; Gomez Treviño, Jesus Alberto; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Campus Monterrey; González González, Mirna AlejandraThe use of stem cells has been exploited for their potential application in regenerative medicine due to their properties of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation. The isolation of primitive stem cells focuses on the presence of surface biomarkers, prominin-1/CD133 among them, on account of the potential therapeutic applications that have been reported for CD133+ stem cells in preclinical studies. However, CD133 is also one of the most prominent and commonly reported surface biomarkers for cancer stem cells (CSCs). Prominin-1 has also been associated with proliferation, cell survival, and autophagy in precursor and mature cells. Accordingly, prominin-1 appears to be a good candidate for targeting but its biological implication remains to be further determined. Here, we made use of publicly available gene expression data of sorted CD133+ cells from normal and cancerous sources to perform an integrated meta-analysis to identify a set of differentially expressed (DE) genes and attempt to find functional relationships among them. A subset of statistically significant genes was further validated in silico. The identification of representative genes and a co-expression network had the aim to better elucidate the underlying biological function of prominin-1/CD133. The present project melds biomedical knowledge with the use of bioinformatics, exploiting the availability of large databases of genomic information. Moreover, our methodology is a cost-effective approach to extract knowledge from biological data in a fast and accurate way.
- Wavelets for spindle health diagnosis(2018-12-04) Villagómes Garzón, Silvia Cristina; Morales Menéndez, Rubén; Vallejo Guevara, Antonio; Hernández Alcántara, DianaIndustrial development and customer demands have increased the need to look for high-quality products at low cost and, at the same time, ensure safety during manufacturing. As a result, rotary machinery and its components have become increasingly complex, making their repairs more expensive. Therefore, many efforts must be focused in preventing breakdowns in machines, for which real-time fault diagnosis and prognosis are mandatory. Considering that the element most prone to failure in a machining center is the spindle, and with it its bearing system, the diagnosis of failures of these elements is of paramount importance. To ensure the safe operation of the bearing, some methods of fault detection have been developed based on different techniques. One of the most commonly used is vibration analysis. There are several difficulties when dealing with analyzing vibration signals, they are complex and non-stationary signals with a large amount of noise. Conventional analysis have not been able to solve this problem, thus, alternative methods such as Wavelet Transform have been gaining ground. The following research is focused in detecting bearing faults, as well as the main shaft faults, which eventually also lead to bearing damage, by using wavelets. Different signals, presenting distinct bearing fault conditions, of different data sets are evaluated for validating the proposed methodology. An exhaustive analysis has been developed for selecting the best parameters of this methodology. As results, an improvement around 20% in magnitude of bearing fault frequency peaks was found, compared to the traditional methodology. The proposal of giving more weight to high energy components allows increasing these fault frequencies, as well as reducing low frequency noise. This provides a great advantage in pursuit of an automatic fault detection. An industrial approach was also validated, by proving that the proposed methodology is more immune to noise. Even though, the magnitudes of the bearing fault peaks are diminished by noise, a comparison between the proposal and the traditional methodology reveal an increase of approximately 70% of those magnitudes. Demonstrating that the fault information is barely attenuated by noise. Also, an early diagnosis was proved, which could benefit future studies of fault prognosis. Finally, the filtering property of wavelet decomposition is exploited to limit the frequencies of the signal to few harmonics of the shaft speed. This with the aim of restricting the spectrum for detecting other faults, that mainly affect the spindle shaft, which are diagnosed by analyzing speed harmonics and subharmonics. Thus, a complete methodology is proposed to deal with the main spindle faults.
- Estudio de factibilidad técnico-económica para la sustitución de hornos de secado comercial con hornos de secado solar(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-11-12) Salazar-Calderón, Alejandro; Favela-Coghlan, Fernando; Vargas-Martínez, Mario; Martell Chávez. FernandoAnálisis técnico-económico para la sustitución de hornos de deshidratado eléctricos por un horno de deshidratado con concentrador solar plano de tubos al vacio, para chiles de diversas especies, en la ciudad de Tula de Allende, Hidalgo
- Formulación de proyecto de aumento de potencia de la Central Hidroeléctrica Boquilla ubicada en el municipio de San Francisco de Conchos, Chihuahua.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-11-12) Bejarano-Raygoza, Ramiro; Calderón-Martínez, Alfredo; García-Burrola, Jesús Manuel; Torres Puente, Eduardo Francisco; Martell Chávez. Fernando; Melendez García, Sergio JavierEl presente proyecto pretende incrementar la capacidad de generación de energía eléctrica de la planta hidroeléctrica Boquilla por lo menos en un 10% a través de la modernización de los equipos instalados actualmente, se plantea un plazo de ejecución de 3 años una vez autorizado el proyecto por el consejo de administración de la CFE, con el fin de maximizar el aprovechamiento de agua no turbinada. Se realiza una descripción de las medidas de eficiencia energética a aplicar y el plan de medición y verificación.