Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Mechatronic design of a fast-non-contact measurement system for inspection of castings parts in production line(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2019-05-11) Guamán-Lozada, Darío F.; Ahuett-Garza, Horacio; Kurfess, Thomas R.; Urbina Coronado, Pedro Daniel; Orta Castañon, PedroProduct recalls for suppliers (Tier 1-2-3) and OEM represents high financial losses and reputation damage. This has motivated manufacturers to inspect 100% of the specifications of 100% parts produced to avoid liability risks. In general, the manufactured parts are measured in CMM machines, the main problem is that it takes a long time to make the measurement. Therefore, CMM machines cannot be installed in a continuous line process. This problem has led industries to install gauging machines to have full control over their production. Gauging machines are not flexible, a number of sensors equal to the number of targets to be inspected is needed, complicating the maintenance and increasing the cost. Finally, most gauges are of the go-no go type, which only validates whether the characteristics comply with a standard. In addition, due to the arrival of the concept of industry 4.0, companies have seen the need to develop fast, reliable and accurate inspection machines capable of sending proper information about themselves or the product to the cloud. This work presents a new measurement system for an In-Line die-casting process. The main characteristic is the use of a linear motor and non-contact measurement technology for fast and reliable measurements. Also, the machine uses a novel kinematics coupling configuration to allow easy, fast, and accurate positioning of the part in the measurements area. To be compatible with Industry 4.0 the inspection machine is equipped with sensors to send process information to the cloud like operation temperature, vibrations, and dynamic machine behavior.
- Wavelets for spindle health diagnosis(2018-12-04) Villagómes Garzón, Silvia Cristina; Morales Menéndez, Rubén; Vallejo Guevara, Antonio; Hernández Alcántara, DianaIndustrial development and customer demands have increased the need to look for high-quality products at low cost and, at the same time, ensure safety during manufacturing. As a result, rotary machinery and its components have become increasingly complex, making their repairs more expensive. Therefore, many efforts must be focused in preventing breakdowns in machines, for which real-time fault diagnosis and prognosis are mandatory. Considering that the element most prone to failure in a machining center is the spindle, and with it its bearing system, the diagnosis of failures of these elements is of paramount importance. To ensure the safe operation of the bearing, some methods of fault detection have been developed based on different techniques. One of the most commonly used is vibration analysis. There are several difficulties when dealing with analyzing vibration signals, they are complex and non-stationary signals with a large amount of noise. Conventional analysis have not been able to solve this problem, thus, alternative methods such as Wavelet Transform have been gaining ground. The following research is focused in detecting bearing faults, as well as the main shaft faults, which eventually also lead to bearing damage, by using wavelets. Different signals, presenting distinct bearing fault conditions, of different data sets are evaluated for validating the proposed methodology. An exhaustive analysis has been developed for selecting the best parameters of this methodology. As results, an improvement around 20% in magnitude of bearing fault frequency peaks was found, compared to the traditional methodology. The proposal of giving more weight to high energy components allows increasing these fault frequencies, as well as reducing low frequency noise. This provides a great advantage in pursuit of an automatic fault detection. An industrial approach was also validated, by proving that the proposed methodology is more immune to noise. Even though, the magnitudes of the bearing fault peaks are diminished by noise, a comparison between the proposal and the traditional methodology reveal an increase of approximately 70% of those magnitudes. Demonstrating that the fault information is barely attenuated by noise. Also, an early diagnosis was proved, which could benefit future studies of fault prognosis. Finally, the filtering property of wavelet decomposition is exploited to limit the frequencies of the signal to few harmonics of the shaft speed. This with the aim of restricting the spectrum for detecting other faults, that mainly affect the spindle shaft, which are diagnosed by analyzing speed harmonics and subharmonics. Thus, a complete methodology is proposed to deal with the main spindle faults.
- Implementación de recubrimientos en cavidades para die casting(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-09-17) Martínez Jaime, Ricardo; Gümes Castorena, David; López Miranda, Adán; López Miranda, Adán; López Soriano, EduardoLa industria manufacturera de partes automotrices se encuentra en constante movimiento y siempre busca minimizar sus costos de operación debido a la alta competitividad que existe a nivel global. Denso cuenta con una división de inyección de aluminio donde una gran parte de los costos operativos se llevan en el mantenimiento y manufactura de los herramentales para los moldes. El propósito de este proyecto es disminuir los costos en el área de moldes. Es normal que durante la manufactura de piezas de aluminio los insertos y cavidades vayan sufriendo daños, como erosión y fracturas. Cuando una cavidad sufre un daño debe ser sometida a un proceso de reparación el cual consta de soldar material nuevo en la zona dañada para posteriormente volver a maquinar la forma deseada. El aspecto negativo de esta reparación es que la pieza no tiene las características de originales, por lo cual la probabilidad de que la pieza vuelva a fracturarse se incrementa, provocando paros no deseados durante la producción y costos de reparación. Durante los últimos años se han introducido nuevas tecnologías que ayuden a prevenir el desgaste y fractura de las cavidades e insertos de los moldes. El objetivo es proteger el metal base de cualquier daño. Para lograr esto se coloca una capa protectora en la superficie de la cavidad la cual se irá desgastando hasta quedar expuesto el acero nuevamente. La estrategia es volver a recubrir las cavidades cada vez que se detecte un nivel bajo de recubrimiento en alguna de las zonas para evitar el desgaste del metal base. El propósito de este estudio es presentar evidencia suficiente que demuestre que la estrategia seleccionada es factible y podrá dar los resultados esperados. Se espera que este tipo de tecnología ayudará a reducir por lo menos un cuarenta por ciento de los costos relacionados con los herramentales de los moldes.
- Implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad con base en la Norma ISO 9001:2015(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-09-08) García Bayardo, Emmanuel; López Miranda, Adán; Félix Trujillo, AgustínEste texto muestra un resumen del un proyecto de titulación de la Maestría en Gestión de la Ingeniería del Tecnológico de Monterrey. El proyecto consiste en la Implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad con base en el estándar ISO 9001:2015 utilizando las herramientas y conceptos de la Administración de Proyectos buscando una ejecución efectiva del mismo.
- Diseño de modelo de gestión de la calidad enfocado al tercer sector(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-29) López Mendoza, Diana Anai; Olivares Olivares, Silvia Lizett; Cantú Delgado, José Humberto; García Justicia, Javier JoséSin lugar a duda, el Tercer Sector o mejor conocido como “Sector social” ha tenido un impacto importante en nuestro país en los últimos años, esto debido al aumento en el número de instituciones que se han sumado a diferentes causas y al aumento en el número de personas que trabajan en el sector. Sin embargo, gestionar la calidad y establecer mecanismos que permitan evaluar la transparencia, eficacia y eficiencia en el sector, así como la calidad de vida en los beneficiarios se ha convertido en uno de los aspectos más complicados de lograr. Por ello, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo valorar el nivel de la calidad en que se encuentra el Tercer Sector en Nuevo León a través de un Modelo de Gestión de la Calidad apropiado a las mismas en donde se establecieron once aspectos que son relevantes para su establecimiento. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo una investigación en 14 organizaciones de Nuevo León tanto Asociaciones Civiles (A.C.) como Asociaciones de Beneficencia Privada (A.B.P.) aplicando el método cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental y de tipo transaccional descriptivo durante en el mes de junio del 2017. Los resultados indican que actualmente, el Tercer Sector en Nuevo León se encuentra ubicado en el tercer nivel de la calidad con una calificación general de 3.09, lo que quiere decir que el sector aún está en el proceso de maduración y establecimiento de características comunes que aseguren el desarrollo, la permanencia y el crecimiento sólido del sector.
- Study on the influence of geometrical parameters to enhance heat transfer in a finned cylindrical segment, incorporating vortex generators.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-25) Chilaca Tarango, Anuar Samuel; CHILACA TARANGO, ANUAR SAMUEL; 751168; GARCIA CUELLAR, ALEJANDRO JAVIER; 121668; López Salinas, José Luis; Rivera Solorio, Carlos Iván; Campus MonterreyThe present work addresses the simulation of geometries considering forced convection of turbulent flow for the thermal optimization of a generator of a water-ammonia absorption refrigeration system, for which purpose, several simulations were carried out on ANSYS Fluent, varying the geometric parameters in order to define the optimal design for the generator. In the first part, a geometrical analysis of the previously geometry proposed for the construction of the generator is presented, evaluating those geometrical factors that enhance the heat transfer. The results obtained from the simulations are used to calculate the global heat transfer coefficient by convection, as well as the average Nusselt number. High heat transfer coefficients were found where geometries shows specific arrangements that modify the evolution of the flow, those changes in the flow contributes to the higher mixed and to the heat transfer. The second part of the thesis analyze the modification of arrangement and evaluate the introduction of different types of fin geometries. Realistic and manufacturable geometries were considered for maximization of thermal heat transfer coefficient and also the minimization of friction forces. In order to compare these various geometries, a set of standard conditions were required. Finally, the thesis contemplates the incorporation of Vortex Generators (VG) to enhance the heat transfer along the generator. Vortex generators is one of the passive methods to generate streamwise vortices that create high turbulence in fluid flow over heat transfer surfaces. VG have shown to be an effective way to increase the heat transfer coefficient, decreasing the thermal resistance of the sublayer adjacent to the wall immediately where the viscous effects of the sublayer are dominant. The increase of turbulence of the fluid flow in the main stream have shown positive effects on the heat transfer. The thesis evaluates the present research of VG and contemplate the simulation of the incorporation of an array of VG over the surface of a previously finned- cylindrical geometry of generator, contrasting the immersion of the VG's to baseline geometry, the effects on the pressure drop are also studied. Subsequently, the incorporation of a modified annular winglet vortex generator over the generator surface was also evaluated. The results were compared to the no VG fin type geometry. The results show that the heat transfer increases considerably, but an increase on the pressure drop is also observed.
- Genetic transformation of Artemia franciscana by electroporation(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-25) Rodríguez-Sánchez, Alberto Constantino; Aguilar-Yañez Jose Manuel; Licona-Cassani, Cuautemoc; Brunck, Marion E.G.Artemia franciscana also known as brine shrimp, and sea monkey is a halophilic crustacean used in aquaculture as living food and had a little role in research as toxicological model. Despite its easy handling and availability, Artemia barely has genetic engineering. The objective of this work is to develop a protocol for the genetic transformation of Artemia franciscana using electroporation and diapause cysts. Decapsulated cysts were electroporated with exponential decay voltage and square wave pulse, the efficiency was calculated. The effect of the plasmid DNA used, and the voltage were evaluated. Square wave pulse shows a better efficiency compared to the exponential. The concentration of DNA has no effect on the efficiency of transfection. Voltage at one level (1000 V·cm-1) had the best efficiency of transfection, but also the worst hatching. With protocol and the information generated, it will be possible to evaluate genetic regulatory elements to the future develop of a tool box for genetic manipulation.
- “Determination of interaction properties between PEGylated proteins and a modified resin by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and FTIR”(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-25) Magaña, Paulyna; Aguilar-Jiménez, Oscar Alejandro; Gonzalez-Valdez, José Guillermo; Ramos de la Peña, Ana MayelaPEGylated proteins are an increasing important class of therapeutic drugs due to their improved pharmacokinetic characteristics and solubility over their corresponding native forms. PEGylation is the covalent attachment of one or more polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules to a protein. Despite the many advantages of PEGylated drugs, one of the major challenges is the purification step after the chemical reaction. The main purpose of this project is to determine the nature of chemical interactions between a modified resin with PEG 5000 g/mol and PEGylated proteins that results in a previously demonstrated ability of such resins for the resolution of PEGylated proteins. A chromatographical separation of PEGylated proteins was additionally demonstrated for lysozyme using the modified resin Sepharose 6B-PEG5000 previously reported for PEGylated RNase A. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provided insight of the resin modification. The interaction thermodynamics associated with PEGylated proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) with modified resin was carried out in with an ITC (Isothermal Titration Calorimetry) analysis. The specific enthalpy (∆G) was found to be exothermic for both proteins in potassium phosphate buffer with 1.5 M ammonium sulfate at 25ºC. MonoPEGylated proteins showed large negative entropy (-T∆S) values, related to the enhanced hydrophobic interaction between PEG5000 molecules from the resin and PEGylated protein forms. In addition, binding constants (K) of PEGylated proteins to modified resin were slightly higher compared to unmodified proteins.
- Immunoaffinity aqueous two-phase systems to establish novel bioprocesses for the primary recovery of CD133+ stem cells(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-25) Ornelas González, Alonso; Rito Palomares, Marco Antonio; Zavala Arcos, Judith; González González, Mirna Alejandra; Rito Palomares, Marco Antonio; Zavala Arcos, Judith; González González, Mirna AlejandraA short processing time and efficient scale-up stem cell isolation bioprocess is essential to exploit the potential of these cells for the treatment of multiple chronic diseases. Various methodologies have been used for stem cell recovery, however, most of them present economical and/or time-consuming drawbacks. In this work, the characterization and optimization of immunoaffinity aqueous two-phase systems, a liquid-liquid based separation technology enhanced with the PEGylation of the antibody, was conducted with the aim of increasing the specificity for the recovery of CD133+ stem cells from human umbilical cord blood samples. The methodology consisted in evaluating the partitioning of the different PEGylated antibodies (amine, carboxyl, thiol, succinimidyl ester, methoxy PEG and maleimide) in three previously studied aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS); PEG-dextran (DEX), Ucon-DEX and Ficoll-DEX. Subsequently, an optimization step was accomplished to manipulate the partition behavior of the CD133/2-pure antibody to the desired phase in the selected systems by varying (increasing and decreasing) two parameters closely related with the partitioning of molecules in aqueous two-phase systems; tie-line length (TLL) and volume ratio (VR). Afterwards, the partitioning behavior of the six different PEGylated antibodies in the optimized systems was tested. According to the results, the PEGylation of the CD133/2-biotin antibody induced a favorable change with respect to the non-PEGylated one when Ucon-DEX system was used, fractionating it to both phases. Likewise, the optimization of the systems showed to be effective to induce a change in the partition preference of the antibody. The best results were obtained when Ucon-DEX or PEG-DEX systems with TLL 15% w/w or 20% w/w with VR 3 were combined. Finally, PEGylated antibodies were added to the selected optimized systems. Even though a shift in the fractionation preference of the PEGylated CD133/2-biotin antibody was achieved in the optimized systems, it was not the adequate partition to justify the evaluation of this immunoaffinity ATPS with human umbilical cord samples. Both PEGylation and optimization showed to be effective to induce a change in the partition preference of the antibody, however, further studies are required to find the optimal system composition that will fractionate 100% of the antibody to the contaminants opposite phase, making this system an ideal candidate to be tested for the selectivity of CD133+ stem cells.
- Data-Driven approach to topology change location in distribution networks using microPMUs(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-24) Salas Esquivel, Ernesto Adán; Mayo Maldonado, Jonathan Carlos; Valdez Resendiz, Jesús Elías; Micheloud Vernackt, Osvaldo MiguelMotivated by the aim to increase the renewable energy penetration into the grid, the Mexican government established the objective of producing the half of its energy from clean sources by 2050. This is also a tendency in the rest of the world, but utilities are not yet prepared to deal with the challenges that the proliferation of this change will bring. A way to solve such issues is by evolving from the antiquated power system model to a smart grid, by building a control and communications infrastructure, and by introducing sensing and metering technologies. In this sense, micro-phasor measurement units (μPMU) are devices tailored for such purpose; but this technology requires specializing research in order to develop tools for its applications on field. Driven by this urgency, we established the objective of building an application based on the μPMU technology. Therefore, in this thesis we propose an algorithm to topology change location in distribution networks using μPMU data; based on a behavioral system theory in which we use any set of variables that are available for measurement within a network. Such approach differentiates from classic methods, since it does not require any information about the network model, and it does not assume any particular character of disturbance to locate the occurrence within the network. MATLAB simulations and experimentation using μPMUs and a DSpace Data Acquisition Card were implemented with satisfactory results, since the algorithm demonstrated to be capable to locate single topology changes in distribution networks.