Generative artificial intelligence in education: a systematic analysis of opportunities, challenges, and responses

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), exemplified by tools such as ChatGPT, is transforming the educational field by offering innovative solutions for the personalization of learning, student motivation, and the optimization of pedagogical processes. The core research question is: How is GenAI transforming educational processes, and what are the challenges and opportunities associated with its implementation? To answer it, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, analyzing recent studies that address applications, policies, and limitations of AI in education. The main findings highlight three key constructs: personalization of learning, which improves academic performance through adaptive interventions; educational innovation, which boosts motivation through interactive and gamified environments; and the need for ethical and inclusive regulation, which guarantees transparency and equity in the use of these technologies. In addition, gaps were identified in institutional policies and existing legal regulation, evidencing the urgency of updating them to respond to emerging challenges. The added value of this study lies in its holistic and comprehensive approach, which connects pedagogical applications, ethical challenges, and regulatory policies, proposing concrete recommendations for the responsible and effective implementation of AI in educational contexts.