Multi-criteria decision-making fuzzy TOPSIS for the integration of solar energy systems in small and medium-sized mexican manufacturing companies based on the S4 framework

Abstract

Over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for electrical energy due to a rise in population and industrial automation. However, most of the electricity worldwide is currently generated from fossil fuels, leading to detrimental environmental and human health effects. To address this issue, using solar energy as a source of electricity has gained popularity. Solar energy not only diversifies energy sources but also offers cost savings and reduces dependence on fossil fuels. Consequently, it leads to a decrease in CO2 emissions and minimizes the overall environmental impact. In Mexico, there needs to be more awareness and knowledge regarding the benefits and potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a result, the adoption rate of these systems is slower, particularly among small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. Choosing the appropriate technology and elements for solar PV systems is complex, and the available resources to guide decision-making are limited. Existing frameworks and guidelines for solar PV systems primarily focus on the technical aspects of the installation stage, neglecting other crucial elements and stages in the lifecycle of these systems. Moreover, most of these frameworks are tailored to European, Asian, or North American contexts, with minimal consideration for the Latin American context. Selecting a solar panel company for PV system installation becomes challenging due to a lack of information and multiple factors with varying levels of importance, including technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects. Therefore, decision-makers require a suitable tool and methodology to analyze available choices and select the best option. The main objective of this thesis is to adapt the S4 Framework proposed in the literature. The aim is to determine the representative features that need to be considered within the S4 Framework to adopt PV systems. This adaptation involves employing a multi-criteria decision-making method and integrating sensing, smart, sustainable, and social features. The framework intends to provide guidance and support for decision-makers installing, operating, and disposing of PV systems. To validate the effectiveness and practical applicability of the framework, a case study is conducted in a Mexican machinery and equipment manufacturing company located in Baja, California. The results of the case study demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the framework, highlighting its potential to assist decision-makers in the PV system adoption process.