Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Development of PLGA nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in cardiac cells(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) Lázaro-Alfaro, Anay Fernanda; García-Rivas, Gerardo; Lozano García, Omar; Campus Monterrey; Campus Monterrey; Campus MonterreyNanomaterials have emerged as alternatives to solve problems found in diverse areas, from metallurgical industry to medicine. In medicine, nanomaterials are widely used as drug delivery systems due to their advantages over traditional delivery platforms. In gene therapy, viral vectors are commonly used. However, viral vectors are related to immune responses, presenting safety concerns and hindering therapy effectiveness. The use of nanomaterials in gene therapy may overcome these obstacles, enhancing gene therapeutic effects. Gene therapy can be divided in two main approaches: gene overexpression or gene silencing. In gene silencing, it is common to use RNA interference (RNAi) techniques. Due to pathophysiological pathways elution, RNAi is proposed as a potential therapy against diseases such as cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs are the leading causes of death worldwide. Currently cardiovascular therapies are not always effective, and the progress of CVDs inevitably leads to death. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the development of novel cardiovascular therapies. For instance, RNAi technology is widely studied as a potential therapy against CVDs. However, RNAi effectors are labile molecules and can be easily degraded; therefore, a suitable vehicle for their delivery is essential. In this work, we study the use of PLGA, a polymer approved by FDA and EMA in diverse nanomaterial formulations, in the development of siRNA delivery systems. Our results demonstrate that PLGA nanoparticles of <150 nm, negative surface charge and high siRNA encapsulation efficiency, can be formulated. Moreover, in cardiac cells siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles decrease MCU expression by 35.1 ± 2.7 % compared to non-loaded PLGA nanoparticles.
- Processing and characterization of UHMWPE-TiO2 nanocomposites for the development of a zygomatic bone prosthesis manufactured by SPIF(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) Ortiz-Hernández, Rodrigo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-8577; Elías-Zúñiga, Alex; Olvera-Trejo, Daniel; Campus Monterrey; Martínez-Romero, OscarIn the past years the use of nanotechnology for the development of new composite materials had become one of the most trending topics in the scientific community. Researchers around the world are working hard to prove that the addition of small quantities of nanoparticles (NPs) can be the differentiator that might change completely the way materials are seen nowadays. This master’s program thesis focuses on bringing to medical disposition a novel material for craniofacial prosthesis capable of satisfying several of the biggest medical issues reported today in hospitals all over the world. In particular, the use of the developed UHMWPE-TiO2 nanocomposite is, but not exclusively, aimed to be the principal material in the manufacture of a functional zygomatic bone prosthesis. For achieving this goal, UHMWPE-TiO2 sheet nanocomposites were prepared using incipient wetting and compression molding processes at different concentrations (0.25 wt. %, 0.5 wt. %, 0.75 wt. % and 1 wt. %). Positive results were obtained through the dispersion of the TiO2 NPs in a liquid solution observed at low concentrations (<0.75 wt. %). At higher concentrations, micro scaled agglomerations of NPs were seen with the use of SEM images which exhibit that the saturation point of TiO2 NPs inside the polymeric matrix is situated between 0.75 wt. % and 1 wt. %. The degree of crystallinity and structural properties of the developed nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, the results presumes that the compression molding manufacturing procedure inhibits the normal crystallization phenomena of UHMWPE. It was observed the reduction in symmetry for the orthorhombic unit cells, found in(110) and (200), to monoclinic structures (001). Furthermore, FT-IR revealed the appearance of carbon-oxygen vibrational modes at 1740cm−1 (C=O) and 1250cm−1 (C-O) assuring a positive dispersion of TiO2 NPs inside the polymeric matrix. Tensile tests and single point incremental forming processes were carried out indicating the enhance of the mechanical properties of the UHMWPE-TiO2 nanocomposite superior to recent publications. Biological activity was analyzed using LIVE/DEAD Cell viability assays with favorable results showing almost null cytotoxicity. Finally a personalized, bio compatible, inert, resistant, cheap and light weighted zygomatic bone graft was crafted and mounted in a real partially damaged skull.