Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Characterization and anti-inflammatory effects evaluation of chili oleoresin SNEDDS containing capsaicinoids(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-03) Nava Ochoa, Ana Emilia; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; tolmquevedo; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Antunes Ricardo, MarilenaCapsaicinoids are the compounds found in chili plants (Capsicum genus) that confer the pungency to the plant. These have been evaluated due to their anti- inflammatory and analgesic effects as they act directly by binding to Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), responsible for the perception and sensation of pain. Transdermal application of these compounds has its side effects as these compounds produce irritation in skin and burning sensation. Therefore, this work is focused on implementing these compounds into self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for their potential of enhancing these compounds’ anti-inflammatory properties while reducing its side effects by changing its particle size and its properties. Oleoresins evaluated were obtained from Guajillo chili, Arbol chili and a synthesized oleoresin. Characterization and quantification of capsaicinoids on oleoresins were done by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detectors (HPLC- DAD) and they were reported as capsaicin equivalents. SNEDDS formulations stability was evaluated after 45 days and they were characterized by their particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) on a Zetasizer. SNEDDS entrapment efficiency (%) was also evaluated by HPLC-DAD. Lastly, in vitro tests were done to indicate anti- inflammatory activity. RAW 264.7 cells were used to determine nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) were used to evaluate cellular uptake and a fluorescent activity assay kit was used to evaluate COX-2 inhibition. As a result, the major capsaicinoids found were capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin on Arbol oleoresin and four capsaicin analogues on the synthetic oleoresin. No capsaicinoids were found on Guajillo sample. Average entrapment efficiency was of 91.03%. Formulation stability was determined by PDI values which were lower than 0.500 on all samples and by zeta potential which showed an average of -18.98 mV, indicating formulation stability for both parameters. For cellular assays, RAW 264.7 cells showed no cytotoxicity from these compounds. Higher NO inhibition (%) was shown on SNEDDS formulation with synthetic oleoresin compared to normal oleoresins with an inhibition of 83.1 ± 1.99%. Synthetic oleoresin also showed the highest COX-2 inhibition with an activity of 79.19 ± 1.07%. Despite cellular uptake being higher on oleoresins, nanoemulsions showed a high cellular uptake of 21.18 ± 0.07% on synthetic SNEDDS formulations. This study showed the capability of oleoresins containing capsaicinoids incorporated into SNEDDS as anti- inflammatory agents. This type of formulations has the potential to be applied transdermally in order to be used on treatments for inflammation.
- Exosome-mediated insulin delivery for the treatment of diabetes mellitus(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-11-16) Rodríguez Morales, Belén; GONZALEZ VALDEZ, JOSE GUILLERMO; 234501; González Valdez, José Guillermo; tolmquevedo, emipsanchez; Hernández Pérez, Jesús; Rodríguez Sánchez, Dariana Graciela; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Antunes Ricardo, MarilenaExosomes are membrane-bound extracellular nanovesicles of 30-150 nm released by almost all cell types. Since they were discovered in 1983, numerous studies yielded clear evidences that exosomes serve as essential messengers for hundreds of biological-signaling processes as well as in pathological processes. In consequence of the discovery of exosomal natural functions, a wide range of applications have been developed in several fields of study, especially in drug delivery for therapeutic use. Following this growing stream of study, the aim of this work was to test the efficiency of exosome-mediated human insulin delivery using exosomes extracted from three different cell lines: hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2); primary dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and pancreatic β cells (RIN-m); all related to the production and/or the ability to sense insulin and, consequently regulate glucose levels in the extracellular medium. The obtained results revealed that the optimal loading efficiency was achieved by a 200 V electroporation, in comparison to an incubation at room temperature. Moreover, the maximum in vitro exosome uptake was reached after 6 h of incubation with loaded exosomes, and lightly decrease 24 h after adding the exosomes. Furthermore, glucose quantification assays revealed that exosome-mediated incorporation of insulin present significative differences in HDFa and HepG2 cells, enhancing the transport in HDFa, in comparison with free human insulin effect in the regulation of extracellular glucose levels. On the other hand, no significative differences were found between both treatments in RIN-cells. Hence, the results suggest that exosomes could be a potentially valuable tool for a biocompatible and stable insulin delivery as part of a future treatment of diabetes mellitus.
- Technological development of Alginate/Gelatin composite hydrogel fabricated by microextrusion based printing for tissue regeneration(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-14) Urruela Barrios, Rodrigo Alejandro; Ortega Lara, Wendy de Lourdes; Alvarez Guerra, Alejandro; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Vrginia; García López, ErikaAlginate hydrogels have shown an enormous potential for tissue engineering due to its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and structural similarity to extracellular matrices. To produce these hydrogels, different manufacturing techniques can be used, including microextrusion 3D printing. Current efforts for hydrogels in tissue engineering are centered on improving bioactivity and mechanical properties by the incorporation of a second biopolymer or bioceramics; and loading these materials with pharmaceutical drugs to promote a better healing process. In this work, the study of the synthesis process of alginate/gelatin hydrogels reinforced with TiO2 and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and loaded with ibuprofen, its extrusion in a modified 3D Printer, and its material characterization were proposed. The hydrogel systems were successfully micro-extruded by tuning the concentration of the pre-crosslinking agent up to 0.20 w/v% and a rheological profile was obtained. FT-IR, XRD, and TGA were used to perform a physicochemical characterization and prove the growth of ibuprofen crystals inside the porous material. For the drug loading, stable microemulsions were obtained with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsifier and various solvents, including dichloromethane. The pores of the crosslinked printed structures were measured using SEM and resulted in an average pore size from 160 μm to 40 μm, depending on the material composition, all with adequate porosity for tissue engineering. Furthermore, the hydrogels reinforced with TiO2 and beta-TCP showed enhanced mechanical properties up to 65 MPa of elastic modulus. Controllable drug loading was achieved up to 35 w/w% of the dry hydrogel with more than 50% of the loaded ibuprofen dissolving in less than one hour. Additionally, while the hydrogel was microextruded in the 3D printer, it was found that as more layers of the design were deposited in the built platform, there was an increase of the line width of the bottom layers due to its viscous deformation. Shrinkage of the design when the hydrogel is crosslinked and later freeze-dried was also measured and found to be up to 27% from the printed design. Overall, the approach taken enables to synthesize a printable composite alginate solution, loaded with an API, with adequate physical properties for tissue regeneration.