Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Analysis of the efficacy of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion of the C9orf72 gene as a diagnostic biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Mexican patients(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-13) Villalobos Loredo, Manuel Alejandro; Díaz Durán, Raquel Cuevas; emimmayorquin; Martínez Ledesma, Juan Emmanuel; Hernández Pérez, Jesús; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with significant genetic underpinnings, including the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in the C9orf72 gene, a leading genetic cause of ALS in European populations. Despite its global relevance, the prevalence and diagnostic utility of C9orf72 HREs in Mexican ALS patients remain poorly characterized due to limited research in Latin America. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C9orf72 HREs as a diagnostic biomarker for ALS in Mexican patients, employing repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) to analyze repeat lengths in 47 sporadic ALS patients and 7 healthy controls. Results revealed distinct repeat distributions, with the most common alleles being 2, 5, and 7 units in both cohorts. Notably, one patient carried a pathogenic expansion (>145 repeats), marking the first detection and successful sizing of C9orf72 HRE for ALS in Mexico. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant differences in allele distributions between patients and controls ( 𝒑<𝟎.𝟎𝟓), supporting the association of HREs with ALS pathogenesis. However, no correlation was found between repeat length and disease severity (𝑹𝟐=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓), suggesting that expansion size may not predict clinical progression. This study successfully established a robust protocol for C9orf72 HRE detection in a Mexican cohort, addressing a critical gap in regional ALS research. The findings highlight the importance of population specific studies to refine diagnostic criteria and improve genetic counseling. While the low frequency of pathogenic expansions in this cohort suggests alternative genetic or environmental factors may dominate ALS etiology in Mexico, the demonstrated feasibility of RP-PCR and capillary electrophoresis paves the way for broader implementation of genetic testing in resource-limited settings. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings and explore their implications for personalized medicine in Latin America.
- Application of a Cobot to measure the coefficient of friction of pairs of materials(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-13) Reyes Brito, Ali Abigail; Farfán Cabrera, Leonardo Israel; emipsanchez; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Hernández Peña, AndysSince the earliest inventions of tools to the development of complex machinery for production lines, humans have consistently pursued the goal of achieving better products with minimal energy consumption. In this quest for efficiency, they began to study physical phenomena such as friction, wear, and lubrication. These studies gave rise to a branch of science known as tribology. Within this field, significant interest emerged in analyzing the behavior of frictional forces and, consequently, the coefficients of friction (CoF) generated between two contacting surfaces in relative motion. Understanding these interactions enables more informed decisions in the selection of materials, coatings, and lubricants to ensure adequate motion transmission, improve system performance, extend component lifespan, enhance efficiency, and reduce energy consumption. To study friction coefficients under specific tribological conditions, specialized machines called tribometers were developed. The wide range of contact configurations, motion types, and wear mechanisms required for testing led to the creation of various tribometer models. However, existing tribometers often require modifications or custom setups to meet the evolving demands of tribological research, especially for tests involving non-standard motion paths. In addition, as research advances the need has grown for faster yet reliable testing methods and for accessible solutions that allow friction measurements to be performed directly at the testing site. This research evaluates the use of the UR5e collaborative robot (Cobot) as a reliable alternative for on-site friction testing under non-conventional motion conditions that are not typically addressed by traditional tribological test benches. The study was divided into two main approaches: the first, conduct standard pin-on-disk tests in dry, room-temperature conditions, following ASTM G99 norm; the second, perform tests using a custom sinusoidal slide path. For both testing approaches, three pairs of materials were tested (steel/aluminum, steel/steel, and steel/wood), a specialized end-effector was designed, and force and velocity data were acquired using the Cobot’s internal sensors. The friction data obtained by Cobot were compared and correlated with those gathered from the parallel pin-on-disk experiments. Additionally, this work discusses the findings, behavioral differences, potential sources of error, limitations, and future perspectives regarding the use of Cobots in tribological testing.
- Modeling power control in WCDMA for multimedia support(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2010-12-01) Pineda Rico, Ulises; PINEDA RICO, ULISES; 179307; ITESMModern Third Generation Wireless Networks demand more and more resources in order to satisfy customers� needs. And these resources can only be provided by a good Power Control. However, power control needs an algorithm in order to work at the margin of the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This work is related to this; we propose a power control algorithm modeled under probabilistic criteria. This means, applying a Markovian model to a MAC Protocol (power control algorithm), in order to optimize the power assigment to each user in the system. This protocol is highly interrelated to the power control functionality in order to extract the maximum capacity and flexibility out of the WCDMA scheme. Once it is done, the algorithm is submitted to different scenarios to demonstrate its capabilities and limitations, also thus analyze its behavior under different conditions and viewpoints. At the end, conclusions are listed, together with future work and proposals to strengthen this work.