Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Quality 4.0 methodology for manufacturing processes(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-03) Macias Arregoyta, Daniela; Morales Menéndez, Rubén; emipsanchez; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; School of Engineering and Sciences; Rectoría Tec de Monterrey; Escobar Díaz, Carlos A.In this work, the pathway for the implementation of Quality 4.0 is reviewed. Several articles are written to detail the evolution from the execution of Six sigma DMAIC methodology and how it can be adapted to the use of AI to create smart factories and smart processes. The main objective is to expand the current conformance rate of this methodology and find the defective items that can be overlooked in manufacturing processes. This research ranges from the selection of the data to train the available models, how can it be corrected and improved, the different processes to handle real-world data sets, the use of different ML algorithms for data analysis, the adaptation of this MLAs to quality standards in Quality 4.0 practices, to the curricular needs for Quality 4.0 for problem solving replacing Six Sigma practices. This thesis will focus only on the description of the decay of the Six Sigma DMAIC paradigm and its evolution to Quality 4.0, and the Process Monitoring for Quality methodology for rare event detection, which are the most noted journal papers in which I could collaborate.
- Manufacturing of three-dimensional micromixers using additive manufacturing and non-conventional processes(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-12) Yáñez Espinosa, Christian Rodrigo; Martínez López, José Israel; emipsanchez; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; García López, Erika; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThis work explores strategies for manufacturing complex three-dimensional micromixers by using unconventional technologies such as stereolithography (SLA), lost-wax casting, and pyrolysis. The employment of these technologies is assessed towards the development of a new generation of methodologies enabled by advanced manufacturing that includes features to integrate micromixing on devices for medical and environmental applications. Three different technologies were studied to evaluate the potential to improve the flexibility and resolution of devices designed to stir and mix reagents within systems where mass transfer is limited by laminar flow regimes. For this work, the state-of-the-art manufacturing for micromixing devices was investigated, and then experimental assessment of the potential technologies was evaluated for a novel helicoidal micromixer design. Insights of the current state of manufacturing for microdevices were carried out using computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the potential of recent technologies compared with more conventional manufacturing technologies.
- 3D printed emitters for nanofibers production using VAT photopolymerization(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-06-16) Almanza Vázquez, Luis Enrique; García López, Erika; dnbsrp; Rodríguez Gónzalez, Ciro Ángel; School of Engineering and Science; Campus Monterrey; Tejeda Alejandre, RaquelElectrospinning is a method centered on electrostatic forces for fabricating continuous nanofibers with a substantial active surface area per mass unit in which the morphology of electro spun nanofiber is influenced by some parameters such as voltage, space electric field distribution, surface charge density, liquid supply rate, solution surface tension, viscosity, conductivity, and humidity. This technique is being applied by designing a Multiplexed Source using VAT photopolymerization which will allow to produce the nanofibers. Several test probes varying geometrically (Hexagonal, Pentagonal, Quadrangular, Triangular and Circular) were designed to analyze the resolution of the EnvisionTEC and to observe if the multiplexed source geometry nozzles should be changed or remain the same. After an Error Data Analysis, it was concluded that the circular geometry was the one to work with because it does not get clogged by the time the experiments were computed thus because it does not have any angle or angles that affects its manufacturing in comparison with the other geometries. In this study the polymer used to produce the nanofibers was polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a molecular wight of 900,000 gr/mol. The electrospinning experiments were conducted at flow rates ranging from 0.1 and 1 ml / hr and working distances between 12.5 and 16.5 cm. The voltage remains constant at the value of 20kV. The collected fibers were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the solution and processing conditions, different structures from droplets, and heavily beaded fibers to defect-free mats were obtained. PEO’s concentration was 4% w/v and the volume of Deionized water was 96 ml. The solution was diluted and prepared by using a water bath for 8 hours until the PEO is completely diluted. Based on the solution and processing conditions, different structures from droplets, and heavily beaded fibers to defect-free mats were obtained and measured their diameter (if applicable) by using the image j software and by computing a Data analysis of the average diameter per sample of nanofibers check out which one is the optimal combination of parameters by producing the nanofibers. The final application of this is the manufacture of a multilayer patch for a biomedical application that is the tissue regeneration for second degree burning wounds.
- Statistical process control of path-planning algorithms for robots based on visual feedback(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-06-14) Sandoval Gaytan, Bryan Daniel; Vázquez Hurtado, Carlos; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Rodríguez Padilla, Ma. Consuelo; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Román Flores, ArmandoThis work presents an analysis of the effects of implementing curves generated by B-Spline and Catmull-Rom splines on a path-planning algorithm for a 6-axis robot. The objective of this project is to validate the use of path-planning algorithms based on curve fitting by splines to maintain a Process Capability Ratio CpK of at least 1.33. The project serves as a first approach to building a working alternative for an edge-grinding system for glass workpieces produced in the automotive industry. The current manufacturing process is done by a CNC machine, but it lacks the flexibility needed to keep up with the changing market needs generated by Industry 4.0. The setup built consisted of a Cognex In-Sight camera as a Vision System to detect and recognize the shape of the workpieces used, MATLAB to filter, process, and apply the curve fitting algorithms to the detected points to generate a tool path, and a UR5 robot to handle the workpiece, using a dial indicator tool as a remote TCP to measure the offset between the expected and the actual position of the robot. A Design of Experiments was done to determine what was the best combination of parameters that approximated the measurements better to the expected value and reduced the variance in the data. The results showed in the vast majority that the splines were capable of maintaining the position of the robot within the ± 0.4 mm tolerance requirements, however, a tolerance of ± 1 mm was chosen to assure the expected Process Capability Ratio CpK, as it is still a good tolerance range accepted for these types of applications. The variance of the measurements was different depending on the combination of parameters used, however, the best combination found was a Catmull-Rom spline and distance between points of 2 mm, and the process was capable of maintaining a CpK of 1.34. These results show that the program and installation developed are able to keep good positioning for the robot in the different paths generated.
- Virtual architecture of the automation pyramid based on the digital twin(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-05-30) Martinez Galicia, Edwin Mauricio; PONCE CRUZ, PEDRO; 31857; Ponce Cruz, Pedro; emipsanchez; López Caudana, Édgar Omar; Soriano Avendaño, Luis Arturo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Molina Gutiérrez, ArturoIndustry 4.0 has been empowered by new emerging technologies to improve the competitiveness in companies. One of these technologies is the digital twin (DT) which is an advanced virtual model that enables to predict, detect and classify normal and abnormal operating conditions in a factory or a particular production process to improve the features of a physical system. On the other hand, the manufacturing processes generally follow standards to segment and distribute their processes, information, and implementation areas. Among the most widely recognized standards in the manufacturing industry is the ISA-95 standard that incorporates the business functions and control systems performed in a company with the objective to enhance the implementation of interfaces between business and control systems. Some architectures, as the Automation Pyramid (AP), hierarchically place the elements that take part in a manufacturing process, from the basic elements such as sensors and actuators, to the decision-making systems, whose functions and shared information are defined in the ISA-95 standard. In industry, one of the main functions of decision-making systems, such as the Manufacturing Execution System (MES), is to provide critical data in real-time at the operational level to increase productivity and process capability of the manufacturing process. However, these systems usually do not have capabilities to offer a prompt/autonomous/learning-based response to face unpredicted changes in the course of operating resources. Therefore, when a fault condition occurs, not only quick responses are required but also predictive information to prevent future failure scenarios. Thus, this work proposes to provide responsiveness to decision-making levels in the face of unforeseen scenarios, through the incorporation of intelligent algorithms. The main objectives of this thesis are presented below: To propose a complete Virtual Architecture of the Automation Pyramid based on the Digital Twin: This enables the simulation of scenarios with elements from the shop-floor to the management levels, considering the advantages that the DT provides. To align the proposal with international standards: The model is driven by the ISA-95 standard incorporating the functions and information flow defined in it for decision-making levels. %Thus, the decision-making process is into an automation dynamic loop. To provide learning capabilities to the decision-making systems through artificial neural networks, incorporated in a model based on the DT concept: Since neural networks are able to learn and generalize knowledge, they can learn specific conditions for helping the decision-making process. Evaluate a manufacturing system for educational purposes through the proposed model: The parts of the virtual model of the AP will be identified in a manufacturing cell system used for education at Tec de Monterrey. Its components will be evaluated within the framework of the proposed architecture and the elements to complete the virtual model of the AP will be identified. As a result, this work proposes the complete virtual model of the Automation Pyramid based on the concept of the Digital Twin, where it is proposed to add autonomy capabilities to the decision-making levels through neural networks. The proposed model is aligned with the international standard ISA-95 as an alternative to be applied directly to a process or factory that can be based on the standard.
- Design and simulation of a metal additive manufacturing system by means of diode area melting technique(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Berni Rios, Gerardo; López Botello, Omar Eduardo; dnbsrp; Rodríguez González, Ciro Ángel; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyMetal additive manufacturing is a field of advanced manufacturing which consists in the building of a component layer by layer based on a 3D digital model. A vast variety of technologies had been researched in different types of additive manufacturing leading to very well standardized and established processes for the industry. Even though metal additive manufacturing presents lots of benefits, there still exists problems to be solved like the residual stresses generated due to the thermal cycle the piece is exposed to during the printing, the low energy absorption efficiency for specific materials, or the long duration of the process compared to a traditional manufacturing process. The work presented in this thesis developed a finite element model for the purpose of investigating the development of the thermal distributions along x-direction and y-direction of stainless steel 316L powder by applying the Diode Area Melting (DAM) technique to a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) additive manufacturing process. ANSYS Mechanical APDL software was utilized in performing coupled thermal-structural field analysis. This work is based on the design and simulation on a metal additive manufacturing system by powder bed fusion based on the technique of Diode Area Melting, which uses an array of multiple low power diode lasers that works at shorter wavelengths as is it accustomed. This approach has the intention of tackling the problems of time production, energy efficiency and residual stresses in the part. A thermal simulation experiment is done in order to determine the best configuration parameters for the powder fusion and the stresses generated by this new printing technique.