Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Encapsulation of isorhamnetin glycosides from opuntia ficus-indica through a liposomal delivery system and its anti-aging effect(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-15) Figueroa Robles, Alejandra; GUAJARDO FLORES, DANIEL; 256061; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; puelquio/mscuervo; Martínez Avila, Mariana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Antunes Ricardo, MarilenaIntroduction. Opuntia ficus-indica, known as prickly pear, has multiple biological applications, many of them attributed to its phenolic compounds: isorhamnetin glycosides. In addition to having these advantages, these compounds have limitations characterized by their high polarity that limits their permeability through skin layers for use in topical formulations, bioavailability due to the size of the structures, the rapid metabolization and thermosensitive feature. In order to increase their stability and solubility, the compounds were encapsulated through a liposomal delivery system. Methods. The extraction of the compound was carried out by means of ethanolic extraction in a 50:50 ethanol:water ratio. The isorhamnetin glycosides were identified by a high pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a photodiode array detector and quantified as milligrams of total isorhamnetin glycosides per extract gram by a high-pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV-Vis detector. The liposomes were synthesized by the thin-film layer evaporation and extrusion technique through a mixture of lipids (phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in the following ratios: 7:3 and 10:1) using chloroform and methanol as solvents. Diameter size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and stability studies were evaluated through dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in a zetasizer instrument. Encapsulation efficiency and release percentage analysis were also evaluated through a high-pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV-Vis detector. Results. Liposomes of nanometric size were obtained consisting of a combination of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (70:30) ranging from 77.68 ± 10.76 nm to 297.20 ± 33.79 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the liposomes is on a range from 87.85% ± 13.49 to 98.61% ± 0.93. More stable smaller particle size values were achieved when using a 7:3 lipid ratio in the liposomal synthesis. Also, these liposomes demonstrated an anti-elastase activity of 21.72% and a 15.83% of anti-collagenase activity. After the 72 h isorhamnetin glycosides release analysis, the results indicate around a 50% release rate. Conclusions. Encapsulation of isorhamnetin by liposomes improves the stability and solubility of the compounds, making it a more effective delivery system. The usage of a cosmetic formulation including isorhamnetin glycosides loaded liposomes can prevent skin aging based on a controlled delivery system technology. This product will be preferred by customers which tend to buy natural cosmetic products.
- Biogenic silica as a novel carrier to encapsulate isorhamnetin using a microfluidic device(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-14) Mancera-Andrade, Elena Ivonne; Parra-Saldivar, Roberto; Iqbal, Hafiz M. N.; González-Valdez, José GuillermoDiatoms have the peculiarity to synthesize amorphous silica around the cell wall. Frustules (empty silica shells) have the advantages of being biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and rich with OH groups on the surface. Frustules have been used in diverse fields, but recently their application in the biomedical field has been investigated. Drug delivery systems (DDS) have been studied to improve the therapeutic effect of different drugs, especially hydrophobic drugs. Different encapsulation methodologies have been used to load the drug in a carrier such as drop-wise methodology or solvent evaporation. However, a reproducible methodology that reduces handling error must be explored. In the present work, a microfluidic device is used as a novel encapsulation technique for solid particles and hydrophobic drugs. A novel microfluidic device fabrication technique was used: ESCARGOT (Embedded SCAffold RemovinG Open Technology). Isorhamnetin was used as a model drug which has a hydrophobic nature. Three different concentrations were studied: 20, 60 and 100 μg/mL, and three different resident times in the device (0.4, 1 and 2 minutes). The highest encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and loading capacity (LC%) were 17.92% and 1.63% respectively. According to the statistical analysis, the optimum conditions to obtain a maximum (EE%) were 2 minutes and 20 μg/mL. The isorhamnetin release behavior was observed with a burst release in the first hour with 48.26%, while the total amount of drug was delivered in three hours. The feasibility of frustules as carriers and the microfluidic device as a mixer was successfully accessed. This methodology could be used as a standardization technique to obtain reproducible results. Further studies with frustule surface functionalization need to be performed to improve EE%.