Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Leukocytes in human breastmilk: mapping the evidence through a scoping review(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-05-03) Jiménez López, Brenda; Marion Emilie Genevieve Brunck; emimmayorquin; Martínez Ledesma, Juan Emmanuel; González Castillo, Elena Cristina; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Palacios González, BereniceThe immunological composition of breastmilk has gained research interest as breastfeeding correlates with improved health outcomes in infants, short and long term. Within this field, breastmilk leukocytes (BreLeuk) have remained underexplored. In this scoping review, we map and synthesize all available published literature on human BreLeuk to establish a State-of-the-Art. A systematic search across 4 databases from inception until February 10th 2025, yielded 216 relevant peer-reviewed research articles from 4336 collected abstracts. Colostrum was the most studied milk type. Macrophages were the most reported BreLeuk population with 110 associated studies (>50% of total), followed by T cells. On the other end, eosinophils and basophils were rarely studied (15 and 4 studies, respectively) and mast cells were investigated, but not found in human milk. Research has predominantly focused on analyzing BreLeuk relative proportions, immunophenotype, morphology, and phagocytosis/killing activity, and comparing to paired blood circulating leukocytes. Overall, BreLeuk research has been dominated by high-income countries (80%), with minimal representation from low-income regions (1.7%). Maternal demographics have been historically underreported, hampering correlations with BreLeuk composition, although the most recent studies have more consistently reported these variables. Over 63.9% of studies evaluated BreLeuk characteristics in healthy mothers, while the others studied conditions such as HIV (14 studies, 6.5%), and to a lesser extent allergies, obesity or infections. We provide a comprehensive database of human BreLeuk identification and reported phenotypes and functions, to facilitate future research.
- Fatty acid profile of breastmilk from mothers with different body mass indexes (BMI) at one and three months postpartum(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025) Mizrachi Chávez, Victoria Margarita; Chuck Hernández, Cristina Elizabeth; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Alonzo Macías, Maritza; Luna Vital, Diego; Castro López, Cecilia; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Cardador Martínez, AnabertaBreastmilk is a dynamic biological fluid, often considered the gold standard of infants’ nutrition. It provides essential nutrients and bioactive components necessary for infant growth and development. Among these, fatty acids play a key role in supplying energy, participating in neurological development, and regulating immune functions. However, metabolic conditions such as overweight/obesity and/or gestational diabetes can influence the synthesis and secretion of fatty acids, potentially affecting the fatty acid profile and infant nutrition. This study aimed to analyze the fatty acid profile from mothers with different body mass indexes (BMI) and/or diabetes at one- and three-months postpartum residing in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, and to evaluate how metabolic conditions and health status affect the relative abundance of fatty acids. Breastmilk samples were collected from mothers at the Hospital Regional Materno Infantil de Alta Especialidad (HRMIAE). Samples were distributed into three experimental groups and analyzed as fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analysis was performed to test significant differences among experimental groups using ANOVA and non-parametric tests when appropriate. Results showed that both BMI and gestational diabetes significantly affected specific fatty acids, particularly the PUFA group. Fatty acids that presented statistical differences among groups were: C16:0 in month 3 (11.92% NW; 14.76% OW/O; and 8.56% OW/O+D), C18:2 ω-6 in month 1 (22.48% NW; 24.39% OW/O, and 29.57% OW/O+D), and C20:3 ω-6 in month 1 (0.43% NW; 0.39% OW/O, and 0.57% OW/O+D). PUFA in month 1 (30.49% NW, 32.64% OW/O, and 38.57% OW/O+D), as well as ω-6 (24.83% NW, 26.44% OW/O, and 32.38% OW/O+D), LA/ALA ratio (4.63% NW, 4.41% OW/O, and 5.70% OW/O+D), and PUFA/SFA (0.91% NW, 0.96% OW/O, and 1.40% OW/O+D) also presented statistical differences among groups. The findings indicate that maternal metabolic status, in combination with the diet, influences the composition of breastmilk and may have implications for infant nutrition. This research represents the first report, not only of breastmilk fatty acid analysis, but also the first to take into consideration the BMI of the analysis group as well as the presence or absence of gestational diabetes in mothers from Monterrey, providing valuable information for future studies.