Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Effect of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) on the extraction and profile of phenolic compounds from dandelion (taraxacum officinale)(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-10) Macías Muñoz, Luisa Fernanda; Alonzo Macías, Maritza; emipsanchez; Téllez Pérez, Carmen; Resendiz Vázquez, Juan Alberto; Rossi Márquez, Giovanna; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Cardador Martínez, AnabertaThe antioxidant capacity of food matrices is closely related to the presence and stability of bioactive compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. This study evaluated the effect of controlled instantaneous decompression technology (DIC) on the extraction of these compounds and the enhancement of antioxidant activity in dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) roots and leaves. Samples were subjected to DIC treatments with different saturated steam pressures (0.1-0.4 MPa) and processing times (5-90 s). Pareto diagrams and response surface methodology were used to evaluate the influence of pressure and time to optimize treatment conditions to maximize total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that intermediate DIC conditions (0.25 MPa, 20 s) significantly improved antioxidant activity, reaching a maximum of 86.17 M Trolox/g, approximately tripling the phenolic content compared to the control. The control samples exhibited an antioxidant activity of 65.26 M Trolox/g. In comparison, the highest values observed for DIC-treated samples were 34.31 M Trolox/g in roots and 9.86 M Trolox/g in leaves under treatment DIC (0.10 MPa, 20 s). HPLC-DAD analysis allowed the identification and quantification of various phenolic compounds in dandelion. Catechin was the most abundant compound detected in both tissues, reaching 1.99 mg/g in leaves and 5.35 mg/g in roots. These values correspond to a 1.9-fold increase in leaves under DIC (0.25 MPa, 20 s) and a 15-fold increase in roots under DIC (0.10 MPa, 20 s), compared to control samples. In addition, the DIC-treated samples showed the presence of phenolic compounds not detected in the raw materials, such as vanillic acid and trans-3-hydroxycinnamic acid. These results suggest that DIC favors the release of phenolic compounds by promoting cell wall disruption and improving solvent accessibility, without inducing their degradation under moderate conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of DIC technology as a sustainable and efficient alternative to improve the functional value of underutilized plant matrices, offering promising applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceutical products.
- Effect of drying methods in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Chicozapote (Manilkara zapota): assessing antioxidant and antimicrobial activities(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-12-04) Rivas Gastélum, María Fernanda; Sánchez López, Angélica Lizeth; emipsanchez; Perfecto Avalos, Yocanxóchitl; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Guadalajara; García Amézquita, Luis EduardoManilkara zapota “chicozapote” is an evergreen fruit tree belonging to the Sapotaceae family native to Yucatán and other areas adjacent to southern Mexico and Central America. In this research, different parts of chicozapote fruit (pulp, peel, and seeds) were submitted to different drying methods (lyophilization and oven-drying at 50°C) and compared to fresh samples to evaluate the effects the sample treatment has in the retrieve and extraction of bioactive compounds, as well as their significance in their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Sample characterization parameters were determined as follows: 76.24% in moisture, 19.51 in soluble solids, 4.46 in pH, 169.22 g average weight, 62.27 and 84.28 cm in diameter and length, 0.56 in titratable acidity, and 34.72 maturity index. A tracking of ripening for 6 days revealed that the acidity drops drastically at 5 days post-harvest, in contrast, soluble solids increase. 6 samples were obtained after the drying methods were applied (LPU: lyophilized pulp, OPU: Oven-dried pulp, LPE: lyophilized peel, OPE: Oven dried peel, LS: lyophilized seed, and OS: Oven-dried seed. Proximate composition was determined for each one of the samples, and ranges were as it follows in g/100g of DS: protein (4.34-5.1), ash (3.91-15.1), fat (0.71-16.09), total dietary fiber (31.61-64.88), and DC (7.12-45.92). Bioactive compounds extraction was performed by a solvent-mediated extraction with ethanol 70%. Yields (w/w, %) were between 79.5 and 5.69, being LPU the highest sample. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total condensed tannin (TCT) were determined. TPC GAE mg g-1 values were between 17.91 and 152.15; TFC QEE mg g-1 were from 9.3 to 202.37; and TCT +CAE mg g-1 were from 14.94 to 244.28, being LPE the richest in bioactive compounds in general. Antioxidant capacity through ABTS and DPPH assays were associated the bioactive compound content, which all samples ranged from 89.56 to 95.73% radical scavenger activity (RSA), except from seed samples. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) evaluated in the standard pathogens ranged from 198 to 1,000 µg/mL, except from seed, which had MICs > 1,000 in all microorganisms, LPE and FPE had the lowest average MIC with 330 and 397, respectively. Therefore, further studies were made with these two samples. Their antibiotic modulation effect and their synergistic interactions with different antibiotics (AB) were tested (ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline). Only FPE at MIC/4 probed a modulation effect of 5 in all AB, meaning that can decrease their MIC by 5 times. Additionally, it displayed a synergistic interaction with all of them, with a FIC of 0.45. Moreover, cellular assays to assess more extensively their potential. LPE demonstrated a selective cytotoxicity in Caco 2 cells (IC50 = 704 µg/mL), while both FPE and LPE were non-toxic in control cells. Furthermore, the cellular antioxidant activity indicated that both samples have a similar behavior towards their antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 177.3, and 133.1 µg/mL) for LPE and FPE, respectively. Finally, their anti-inflammatory potential was assessed, both samples were effective (IC50 = 24.91, and 24.85 µg/mL) for LPE and FPE, respectively. Therefore, sample treatment, especially drying method has a significant impact on their bioactive compounds profile and thereby affecting their biological activities.
- Ultrasound-assisted extraction phenolic compounds from mexican raspberries (Rubus idaeus): cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory activity(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-07-06) López Corona, Alejandra Vanessa; Garcia Varela, Rebeca; puemcuervo, emimmayorquin; Sánchez López, Angélica Lizeth; García García, Jorge Donato; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Garcia Amezquita, Luis EduardoUltrasound-assisted extraction is a technology used as an alternative to conventional extraction methods to increase yield. In this research, the nutritional compositions, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activity of organic Mexican raspberry were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from raspberry. Proximate composition was determined as 84.79% in moisture, 8.7 g/100 g d.b. protein, 5.9 g/100 g d.b. in fat, 40.6 g/100 g d.b. in total dietary fiber, and 3.4 g/100 g d.b. in ash. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to increase raspberry phenolic compounds extraction yield. Therefore, two samples were analyzed, raspberry extracts pretreated with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAEp) and conventional raspberry extraction (N-UAEp). Total phenolics content was higher in UAEp (10.7 GAE mg/g DM) than in N-UAEp (8.2 GAE mg/g DM). Total anthocyanins content was similar in both UAEp and N-UAEp, 7.2 C3GE mg/g DM and 7.4 C3GE mg/g DM, respectively. Antioxidant activity measured by ABTS and DPPH assays in UAEp and N- UAEp extracts were 14.4 AAE mg/g DM and 8.3 AAE mg/g DM, 8.2 AAE mg/g DM and 6.1 AAE mg/g DM, respectively. UAEp raspberry extract showed a significant difference in antioxidative activity compared to N-UAEp. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed for both sample groups, three anthocyanins were identified and quantified as most prevalent: cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3- sophoroside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside. Arizona methodology was performed for the purpose of fractioning phenolic compound content found in raspberries. NIH/3T3 and CaCo-2 cells were used to determine cytotoxic capacity, here 70 treatments were assessed on each cell line. Treatments were design according to sample treatment (UAEp and N-UAEp), fractions (Arizona methodology) and doses (400-0 μg/L). The majority of UAEp treatments displayed high viability in NIH/3T3 and low viability for CaCo- 2, compared to N-UAEp. Based on cytotoxicity results, 16 treatments were chosen to test antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Antioxidant activity was determined by the Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity assay (27.4 – 72.2 % Cellular Antioxidant Activity) in CaCo-2 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were induced inflammation by lipopolysaccharides exposure to assess anti-inflammatory potential of all 16 treatments (38.9 – 10.9 % nitric oxide inhibition). Most cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory results display a dose- dependent behavior. Ultrasound-assisted extraction showed a significant favorable effect for the optimal extraction of phenolic compounds from raspberries.
- Integrated bio-refinery processes for valorization of Sargassum biomass from Mexican Caribbean Coast(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-11-24) Saldarriaga Hernández, Sara Cristina; Nasir Iqbal, Hafiz Muhammad; puelquio/tolmquevedo; Melchor Martínez, Elda M.; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Parra Saldívar, RobertoSince 2014, Mexican Caribbean coasts have experienced an atypical massive arrival of pelagic Sargassum that accumulated on the shores triggers economic losses, public health problems, and ecosystem damaging near the coastline. Mechanical harvesting has been implemented ending in landfills. Since Sargassum algae represent an abundant biomass in tropical regions of the world, it has shown potential as a feedstock to supply bioprocesses focused on obtaining high-value compounds and bioproducts. However, there is a lack of data on the biochemical composition of Sargassum biomass from Mexican Caribbean coasts to propose valorization pathways. In this sense we conducted a biochemical and elemental characterization of Sargassum biomass collected from Cozumel, Mexico, and evaluated how different factors such as Season, type of Sargassum and extraction method influences in the biochemical composition of the biomass. We also conducted a Soxhlet extraction of metabolites using three different solvents, in order to investigate the antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antioxidant capacity of Mexican Caribbean Sargassum. We found that the composition of Sargassum is influenced by season changes. Harvesting Sargassum directly from the shallow water make it more suitable for biomolecules recovery than dried Sargassum from the beach. Laccases are not suitable enzymes for Sargassum hydrolysis, and MAE had better extraction performance than EAE. We also found that Sargassum has an important antioxidant activity, and an antimicrobial effect using different solvent fractions. Finally, Sargassum present a great potential as a biosorbent of pollutants such as toxic metals in coastal ecosystems. In general, this thesis made an approach to Bio-refinery of Sargassum biomass from Mexican Caribbean coast using green technology to extract bioactive compounds, and make the most of resources that have a potential biotechnological application for biofuel, agriculture, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.