Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Effect of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) on the extraction and profile of phenolic compounds from dandelion (taraxacum officinale)(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-10) Macías Muñoz, Luisa Fernanda; Alonzo Macías, Maritza; emipsanchez; Téllez Pérez, Carmen; Resendiz Vázquez, Juan Alberto; Rossi Márquez, Giovanna; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Cardador Martínez, AnabertaThe antioxidant capacity of food matrices is closely related to the presence and stability of bioactive compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. This study evaluated the effect of controlled instantaneous decompression technology (DIC) on the extraction of these compounds and the enhancement of antioxidant activity in dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) roots and leaves. Samples were subjected to DIC treatments with different saturated steam pressures (0.1-0.4 MPa) and processing times (5-90 s). Pareto diagrams and response surface methodology were used to evaluate the influence of pressure and time to optimize treatment conditions to maximize total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that intermediate DIC conditions (0.25 MPa, 20 s) significantly improved antioxidant activity, reaching a maximum of 86.17 M Trolox/g, approximately tripling the phenolic content compared to the control. The control samples exhibited an antioxidant activity of 65.26 M Trolox/g. In comparison, the highest values observed for DIC-treated samples were 34.31 M Trolox/g in roots and 9.86 M Trolox/g in leaves under treatment DIC (0.10 MPa, 20 s). HPLC-DAD analysis allowed the identification and quantification of various phenolic compounds in dandelion. Catechin was the most abundant compound detected in both tissues, reaching 1.99 mg/g in leaves and 5.35 mg/g in roots. These values correspond to a 1.9-fold increase in leaves under DIC (0.25 MPa, 20 s) and a 15-fold increase in roots under DIC (0.10 MPa, 20 s), compared to control samples. In addition, the DIC-treated samples showed the presence of phenolic compounds not detected in the raw materials, such as vanillic acid and trans-3-hydroxycinnamic acid. These results suggest that DIC favors the release of phenolic compounds by promoting cell wall disruption and improving solvent accessibility, without inducing their degradation under moderate conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of DIC technology as a sustainable and efficient alternative to improve the functional value of underutilized plant matrices, offering promising applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceutical products.
- Tocopherol contribution to the resistance against storage pest Prostephanus truncatus in maize(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Aguirre Espinoza, Carlos; García Lara, Silverio; emimmayorquin; Mora Vásquez, Soledad; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Gonzalez Rodriguez, America TzitzikiProstephanus truncatus infestation can cause losses as high as 80% on stored maize. Sources of resistance against this pest are related to the antioxidant capacity of the pericarp and aleurone layer structures, mainly due to phenolic acids content and their derivatives. Nonetheless, there is not enough information about the germ structure or the liposoluble antioxidants, such as tocopherols. To determine the contribution of tocopherols and liposoluble antioxidant capacity to the resistance against P. truncatus, thirteen genotypes of maize were tested in two confined bioassays (n=3). The first was to assess the susceptibility of each genotype. The second was with the enriched structure of the germ to gather information on damage and development of P. truncatus on this structure. Seven susceptibility parameters were recorded 7 and 60 days after infestation, and ten genotypes were selected based on a Susceptibility Selection Index, with five recognized as resistant and five as susceptible. HPLC-FLD was used to determine the content of tocopherols (δT, γT, and αT), and an ORAC assay was performed to measure the lipophilic antioxidant capacity among the ten genotypes selected. All Population 84 genotypes exhibited less damage by P. truncatus and were categorized as resistant. Three Population 84 genotypes were selected: P84C0Y (SI = 0.17), P84C4W (SI = 0.27; highest tocopherol content, 39.58 mg/kg; high L-AC, 429.04 μmol TE/g), and P84C4Y (SI = 0.51). Two selected genotypes previously recognized as susceptible were classified as resistant: Pink Creole (SI = 0.39; high tocopherol content 39.40 mg/kg; highest L-AC, 488.30 μmol TE/g) and Don Goyo (SI = 0.55). The most susceptible genotype was Red Creole (SI = 3.56; lowest L-AC, 205.48 μmol TE/g), the remaining 4 susceptible varieties selected were Peru2 (SI = 1.23), NAYA29B (SI = 1.07), Panchito (SI = 1.00; lowest tocopherol content, 11.21 mg/kg; low L-AC, 250.4 μmol TE/g), and Pozolero (SI = 0.97). Additionally, a strong correlation (p > 0.01) demonstrated that a short-length bioassay (7 days) can be comparable to a full-length bioassay (60 days). Both can measure a genotype susceptibility to P. truncatus based on weight loss, but only a full-length bioassay can provide information on adult emergence.
- Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from mexican jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) pulp and their antioxidant activity(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-07-13) Cruz Casillas, Frida Camila; Rodríguez Martínez, Verónica; puemcuervo, emimayorquin; García Amézquita, Luis Eduardo; García Varela, Rebeca; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; García Cayuela, TomásIn Mexico, jackfruit is one of the least known and underutilized fruits in the states of Jalisco and Nayarit; therefore, production is mainly exported. However, an estimated 10% of the total production does not meet the minimum requirement for quality standards. On the other hand, since jackfruit is not widely used, it represents an opportunity for research to provide an added value. Studies in this thesis showed that jackfruit and its by-products could promote the generation of functional ingredients with nutraceutical characteristics. Jackfruit pulp and peel’s nutritional and techno-functional characteristics showed that both have great potential as functional ingredients, depending on the application or food matrix. In recent years, the use of ultrasound (US) processing to extract bioactive compounds from plant matrices has increased. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic treatments to assist the extraction process from jackfruit pulp powder, increase total phenolic compound content, and analyze their antioxidant capacity. A three-factor Box-Behnken design was used; here, processing time (5, 17.5, 30 min), solid/ liquid ratio (S/L; 1:5, 1:15, 1:25 g/mL), and the ultrasonic amplitude (40, 70, 100%) variables were considered to study the variations in the total phenolic content (TPC), and the antioxidant capacity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt (ABTS) techniques. In addition to physicochemical and nutritional characterization, results showed that the S/L ratio had the most significant effect on the TPC. However, there were no significant differences between the TCP values obtained from ultrasound-treated and untreated samples. The maximum phenolic compounds yield from the US-treated samples was 1.48 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g, achieved by using 100% amplitude for 17.5 min with an S/L ratio of 1:25 g/mL. Additionally, no correlation between the TPC and antioxidant capacity was determined. The highest antioxidant capacity determined by the ABTS assay was 1.29 ± 0.60 mg AAE/g, achieved by using 40% amplitude for 17.5 min with an S/L ratio of 1:25 g/mL. However, from the chromatograms, differences were observed between the treated and untreated samples since the peaks of the treated sample from fresh jackfruit pulp obtained a higher signal than the other samples. The phenolic compounds identified by HPLC in jackfruit pulp extracts were hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and luteolin.