Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol: structural characterization and assessment of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-02) Torres Copado, Andrea; Paul, Sujay; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Arvizu Espinosa, María Goretti; Sahare, Padmavati; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Estévez González, Miriam RocíoThe global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is closely associated with persistent oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Natural polyphenols such as quercetin and resveratrol possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, their therapeutic potential is severely hindered by low aqueous solubility, poor chemical stability, and rapid metabolic degradation. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems offer a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability and functional performance of these bioactive compounds. Accordingly, this work aimed to co-encapsulate quercetin and resveratrol into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), thoroughly characterize the resulting nanocarrier system, and assess its biological properties in vitro. MSNs were synthesized through a modified Stöber method, yielding uniform, spherical, amorphous nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of ~126 nm, a high specific surface area (200.3 m²/g), a pore volume of 0.445 cm³/g, and a mean pore diameter of 5.4 nm. Co-loading was achieved using a solvent evaporation method, resulting in high encapsulation efficiencies (79.9% for quercetin and 71.4% for resveratrol). Physicochemical characterization (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DLS, Zeta Potential) confirmed successful drug incorporation, partial amorphization of the polyphenols, enhanced thermal stability, and a sustained release profile extending to 75 hours. The QUE-RES-SiO₂ formulation demonstrated significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity in DPPH, CUPRAC, and ABTS assays, surpassing free resveratrol. Strong anti-inflammatory capacity was also observed in a heat-induced protein denaturation model, with up to 75% inhibition, comparable to free quercetin and the reference drug diclofenac. In ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells, the formulation exhibited efficient nanoparticle uptake; however, it did not induce cytotoxicity or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within 24 hours, likely due to slow-release kinetics, intrinsic chemoresistance of the cell line, and low concentrations tested over a limited time. Overall, these results demonstrate that MSNs constitute an effective platform for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol, enhancing their stability and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential while overcoming key physicochemical limitations. Although anticancer effects were not observed under the tested conditions, this study establishes a robust foundation for future optimization of release kinetics, dosing strategies, and targeting mechanisms to exploit the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in oxidative stress- and inflammation-driven chronic diseases.
- Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effects of micronutrient-biofortified chickpea sprouts: a potential functional ingredient for mitigating obesity-related alterations(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Espriu Corella, Susana María; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; emipsanchez; Reza Zaldívar, Edwin E.; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Serrano Sandoval, Sayra NayelyObesity, a global health problem, involves excess body fat, inflammation, andoxidative stress. Despite high calorie intake, people with obesity often lack essential nutrients, a phenomenon known as "hidden hunger." Micronutrient supplementation, especially through germination biofortification, can improve micronutrient and antioxidant levels. Chickpeas are effective in this context due to their high isoflavone content, offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic properties, with biofortified selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) enhancing these health benefits. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic effects of Se and Zn biofortified chickpea flour digests to explore its potential as a functional ingredient for obesity-related improvements. The characterization of the isoflavones present before and after an in vitro digestion process was evaluated, along with the quantification of the concentrations (µg of mineral/ g of flour) and bioaccessibility (%) of minerals present. Also, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the chickpea flour digests was assessed. Moreover, the evaluation of nitric oxide production (%) in the RAW 264.7 cell-line was employed as an anti-inflammatory activity indicator. The evaluation of lipid accumulation through Oil Red O staining in the 3T3-L1 cell line was developed to determine an anti-adipogenic effect, the determination of glycerol release was assessed as an indicator of lipolysis, along with cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Finally, mRNA gene expressions were determined through qPCR. The Germinated Control presented higher percentages of mineral bioaccessibility. All treatments presented antioxidant activities from 86% to 90% (ABTS), and 27% to 35% (DPPH). All treatments presented significantly lower productions of nitric oxide, except for ZnSO4+Na2SeO3 (15.625 µg/mL). Cells treated with ZnSO4+Na2SeO3 chickpea digests at both concentrations presented significant lower percentages of
- Natural extract rich in betalains and polyphenols from Bougainvillea glabra bracts as natural pigments with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-29) Leal Alcazar, Mariana Cristina; Luna Vital, Diego Armando; emipsanchez; Mata Gómez, Marco Arnulfo; Escalante Aburto, Anayansi; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Rocha Pizaña, María del RefugioBetalains are a group of nitrogenous compounds produced by plants of the Caryophyllales order, as secondary metabolites derived from betalamic acid, characterized by their vibrant coloration in fruits, bracts, and leaves (red-violet, yellow). Their technological importance relies on their role as natural pigments, and high bioactivity potential (free-radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, gene regulators, and anti-diabetic properties), however, betalain sources have been limited to widely studied Beta vulgaris (beetroot). Polyphenols are the most abundant secondary metabolites and are characterized by a phenolic ring linked to a hydroxyl group in a complex structure, they can be found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. They are widely recognized as pigments with antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation activity, and a strong association with the gut microbiome. Bougainvillea glabra is an ornamental species of the family Nyctaginaceae, widely cultivated in Latin America, characterized for its intense bract coloration, still, its application as a functional ingredient and bioactive compound source remains understudied. The primary objective of the investigation was to evaluate the biological and technological potential of an extract rich in betalains and phenolic compounds from the industrially underexploited bracts of Bougainvillea glabra. B. glabra extract (BGE) was obtained using solid-liquid ultrasound-assisted extraction. The total betalain content in BGE was 0.118 mg total betalain content (TBC) per mg of bract powder, while the total polyphenol content was determined as 0.002 mg of TPC per meg of bract powder. The identification of phytochemicals was performed by UPLC chromatography linked to mass spectrometry in both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis. BGE scavenged ABTS radical with inhibition (p < 0.05) values ranging from 149-180 μM Trolox equivalents, an α-amylase test inhibition revealed a 27.9 % inhibition (p < 0.05) by BGE at 5 mg/mL. BGE had selective cytotoxicity effects of 30% GIE (growth inhibitory effect) on the Caco-2 cell line. BGE showed synergistic in vitro effects with cisplatin on Caco-2 cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy processes.
- Evaluation of the bioactive properties of peptides obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) cotyledon flour proteins(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024) Sanchez Jimenez, Omar; Mata Gomez, Marco Arnulfo; Ramirez Jimenez, Aurea Karina; Cervantes Avilés, Pabel Antonio; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Luna Vital, Diego ArmandoFor several decades, Mexico has faced a series of health problems that reduce the quality of life of its inhabitants. Diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, respiratory infections, and cancer are responsible for the primary mortality rates in the country and require immediate attention. Fortunately, Mexico also has privileged plant biodiversity, with a cultural meaning firmly rooted in Mexican society reflected in its traditions, customs, gastronomy, and increasingly frequent in the research of molecules with bioactive properties. In this sense, it is especially relevant to study those species with inherent value to the communities where they are endemic but that have remained outside of scientific scrutiny as potential sources of molecules that help solve current health challenges. The species Prosopis laevigata, commonly known as mesquite, is a clear example of a plant with economic, medicinal, and nutritional importance, but that has been little studied, which is why it represents an area of opportunity in contributing to the literature. Bioactive peptides have been positioned as attractive study molecules due to a series of properties, including potent biological activity, relative safety compared to other small molecules, diversity of target molecules, and ease of production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioactive peptides derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of the proteins present in the seed of Prosopis laevigata in order to determine their antioxidant potential, as well as their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and enzymatic inhibitory capacity. The peptides presented SC50 values of 81 and 89 µg/mL for the fractions smaller and larger than 5 kDa, respectively, demonstrating strong antioxidant capacity in the ABTS assay. Similarly, a reducing power of 0.250 and 0.156 was obtained in the FRAP test, reaching similar conclusions. The cell viability assay against the HepG2 cell line showed a cytotoxic effect at high concentrations of the peptides (8 mg/mL). On the other hand, the antimicrobial assay demonstrated an inhibition in the growth of S. aureus but was inefficient in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, suggesting a selective inhibition mechanism. Finally, it was demonstrated that the peptides have the ability to inhibit the activity of α-amylase. In addition, it was evident that the type of inhibition depends on the fraction used as an inhibitor, resulting in a competitive type of inhibition for those peptides with a size less than 5 kDa and mixed for peptides greater than 5 kDa. Altogether, the results revealed the great potential of P. laevigata peptides as bioactive molecules and justified the importance of continuing to study them to implement them in a functional product in response to the prevention or treatment of health challenges in Mexico.
- Effects of solid-state fermentation of pineapple peel with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and A. oryzae on the production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-15) Martinez Alvarado, Lucio; ANTUNES RICARDO, MARILENA; 387691; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; puemcuervo; Lazo Vélez, Marco Antonio; Acevedo Pacheco, Laura; Vázquez Rodríguez, Benjamín; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Acosta Estrada, Beatriz AndreaThe increase in cardiovascular diseases around the world, in addition to metabolic alterations derived from an inadequate diet, have highlighted the need to consume more nutritious and healthy foods that can also provide added value in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, there is an alarming increase in the amount of crop residues caused by bad management in several stages of the supply chain. Interestingly, most of the crop residues are rich in bioactive compounds that can be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases. A fruit that is rich in bioactive compounds that have the potential to prevent these diseases, but is also incredibly wasted, is pineapple sub-products. Different strategies have been developed to take advantage of the potential of these residues rich in nutraceuticals through the enhancement of the content of nutraceutical compounds, as well as the increase of the bioavailability of them, in order to incorporate these residues as a functional ingredient in some foods. A nutraceutical enrichment technique that is suitable to take advantage of pineapple byproducts is solid-state fermentation. Solid-state fermentation has the potential to be an easy-to-scale method for the production of bioactive compounds from pineapple. In addition, because the microorganisms used are generally recognized as safe, their application in the industry is not limited. In this work, the effects of solid-state fermentation of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and A. oryzae on the release of phenolic compounds and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. Pineapple peel extracts after solid-state fermentation had an increase on the release of phenolic compounds (248.11% with L. plantarum, 182% with A. oryzae, and 180.10% with L. rhamnosus), which led to an increase in the cellular antioxidant (81.94% with L. rhamnosus) and antiinflammatory potential (nitric oxide inhibition of 62% with L. rhamnosus) compared to non-fermented extracts. Solid-state fermentation of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and A. oryzae thrives a new approach for the production of bioactive compounds that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Which can be the precursors for novel biofortified, and nutraceutical enriched foods that meet the needs of the most demanding and health-conscious consumers
- Investigating the bioactive properties of spearmint, orange peel, and salvia microphylla oleoresins extracted via supercritical CO2: anti-obesogenic, antioxidant, anti-Inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects and their integration into dark chocolate(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Chávez Delgado, Emily Lorena; Jacobo Velázquez, Daniel Alberto; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Hernández Brenes, Carmen; Pérez Carrillo, Esther; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyOleoresins, with their potential health benefits, hold promise as functional ingredients, but there is scarce scientific information on their bioactivities and applications. This thesis focused on characterizing and assessing the anti-obesogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties of spearmint (SP-O), orange peel (OP-O), and Salvia microphylla (SM-O) oleoresins extracted using supercritical CO2. These oleoresins were subsequently incorporated into dark chocolate, and their impact on physicochemical and sensory properties was evaluated. Dehydrated leaves of SP and SM, and OP were ground and subjected to supercritical CO2 extraction (2,200 psi, 8 hrs, 40°C). The extracts were characterized for carotenoid and phenolic compound composition through liquid chromatography and volatile compounds using gas chromatography. Emulsions (SP-E, SM-E, OP-E) were prepared using Tween 80 (3:1; v/v) to homogenize both fractions (oleoresin and aromatic water) present in the crude extract, and their anti-obesogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties were evaluated in vitro with 3T3-L1, Caco-2, Raw 265.7, and SH-SY5Y cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, dark chocolate was added with these oleoresin emulsions, and their impact on water activity, color, texture, rheology, and sensory properties were assessed. The results indicated that these oleoresins are rich sources of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and volatile compounds. SP-O was abundant in vanillin, all-trans-β-carotene, and linolenic acid. In the case of OP-O, the major compounds identified were t-cinnamic acid, all-trans-β-carotene, and D-limonene. Moreover, SM-O was rich in podophyllotoxin, all-trans-β-carotene and pulegone. In vitro studies suggested that SP-E, OP-E, and SM-E exhibited the ability to inhibit both reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 80%, 51%, 37%, respectively and nitric oxide (NO) production by 48%, 43%, 48%, respectively. Only OP-E displayed neuroprotective effects. Both SM-E and OP-E inhibited lipid accumulation by 30% and 25%, respectively. When fortified with these emulsions, the chocolate formulations exhibited softer texture, lower water activity, and a solid-like behavior. Notably, the OP-E formulation received the highest sensory preference. In summary, these oleoresins hold potential as nutraceutical agents for mitigating the development of metabolic syndrome and its associated pathologies, given their demonstrated anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective attributes. Furthermore, incorporating these emulsified oleoresins into chocolate matrices presents a viable strategy for the formulation of functional foods; nevertheless, further research is needed to elucidate both preventive and therapeutic efficacy within these fortified chocolates.