Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Digital light processing additive manufacturing for accessible blood-brain barrier organ-on-a-chip fabrication(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06) Lagunes Nava, Daniel; García Farrera, Brenda; emimmayorquin; Magaña Aguirre, Jonathan Javier; García Aguirre, Ian Alain; Cano Quiroz, Anaid; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Estado de México; Solis Cordova, José de JesúsOrgan-on-a-Chip (OoC) technologies represent a promising alternative to traditional preclinical models and their actual limitations, yet their widespread adoption remains limited by cost, fabrication complexity, and accessibility. This thesis presents the development of an economically viable microfluidic platform designed to mimic the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) using Digital Light Processing (DLP) additive manufacturing. By leveraging the geometric freedom and rapid prototyping capabilities of DLP, a series of chips were fabricated and systematically evaluated through both structural characterization and functional assays. The platform’s performance was assessed via passive diffusion experiments using sodium chloride, providing a quantifiable readout of molecular transport across the chip interface. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of channel geometry in shaping diffusion behavior. Comparative analysis of square and circular layouts demonstrated that structural configuration alone can influence transport dynamics, even under equivalent flow conditions, an observation reinforced by simplified computational simulations. These findings call into question the extent to which current chip designs, often simplified because of the nature of the techniques, truly replicate physiologically relevant transport. Results revealed that the square chip exhibited faster and more direct fluid penetration through the interface, while the circular design induced more distributed flow with attenuated velocity vectors. This divergence also reflected in the diffusion curves, challenges the conventional assumption that greater surface area alone enhances transport, and emphasizes the need to reevaluate geometric decisions in microfluidic design. Beyond functionality, the fabrication process itself validated the feasibility of low-cost and reproducible production of complex microfluidic architectures. Together, these findings reaffirm the potential of DLP printed devices as accessible tools for biomedical research and establish a foundation for more physiologically relevant Organ-on-a-Chip systems.
- Customizing a Cardiac Simulator Using 3D Printed Anatomic Models(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-03) Franco Ávila, Mónica Paola; García López, Erika; emimmayorquin; Tejeda Alejandre, Raquel; Segura Ibarra, Víctor; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa VirginiaCardiac surgery relies on preparation from the interventionist cardiologists and other practitioners involved in order to avoid vascular complications after the operation for the patient. There have been studies performed alongside medical residents, which found that the number of cases needed to gain proficiency in cardiac procedures involving a catheter is at least 52. However, limited opportunities for practice before the catheterization result in fewer procedures being performed. Interventionist cardiologists can avoid the hazards of cadaveric dissection by using 3D printed anatomical models in conjunction with a flow simulator. The anatomical models can also help to highlight qualities that are not immediately visible in situ. These anatomical models can be customizable to the patient’s anatomy, thus minimizing the vascular complications rate and providing a sufficient learning curve to assure an optimal experience for all parties involved. Whilst creating the anatomical models for acardiac surgery simulator to perform TAVR, an idea emerged to adapt the heart model to allow the incorporation of medical devices through modularization and the adequacy through design for additive manufacturing of each section to work within the proposedsystem. The acquisition and reconstruction of the anatomical models was performed using segmentation and design software for medical images. The models then entered a production phase through additive manufacturing, using materials resembling the mechanical properties of organic tissue. These properties were tested to figure out anyresemblance with the values reported for the aorta. Afterwards, the manufactured models underwent a digitalization and inspection phase to verify their compliance against the original models. The anatomical models designed considered the trajectory interventionist cardiologists must go over to perform main types of cardiac catheterizations, along with the blood flow required to operate within the system of the simulator. In conclusion, the modularity of cardiac anatomic models and their use on a surgery simulator was achieved and could open the possibility for more practice spaces for medical professionals
- Design of thermoelectric heat exchangers for additive manufacturing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-14) Abrego Flores, Oscar Enrique; Rodríguez, Ciro Ángel; emimmayorquin; Cedeño, Luis Daniel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Martínez, José IsraelThis document presents the thesis of the Design of Heat Exchangers with Additive Manufacturing for Thermoelectric Module Systems for the Master of Science with major in Manufacturing Systems at Tecnológico de Monterrey. This study investigates the overall performance and manufacturing process for a heat exchanger equipped with a thermoelectric module (TEM) for cooling systems. A TEM system is a solid-state power converter consisting of an array of thermocouples connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. Normally, it is used as an arrangement of many TE modules connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel to maximize the results. However, when it is desired to cool other components, a heat exchanger is attached to transmit the energy. Recently, TEM systems have been proposed to substitute conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems due to their compact designs, lower maintenance and multiples uses modes. However, TEM systems usually have lower efficiency than conventional HVAC systems. This document explores using additive manufacturing to produce novel heat exchangers with a potential application in TEM devices. In this research was manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) three heat exchangers from which two are made with a novel design based on gyroid lattice structure in order to compare with traditional heat exchangers. The results indicated a 25% improvement in cooling capacity for a heat exchanger with a gyroid structure with at least 1mm of wall thickness. The methodology followed for this research is presented with a theoretical background, analysis, experimentation and simulation of the heat exchanger in order to evaluate its performance with TEM systems for cooling. The expected contribution of this research is to generate new knowledge about the application of heat exchangers with complex structures (achieved by additive manufacturing) in the application of climatization with thermoelectric systems, since a point of view of production until an improvement on thermal efficiency, also propose an experimental setup that can be replicated by other researchers to test the cooling capacity of novel heat exchangers.
- Non-planar additive manufacturing for biomedical applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-14) Castro Avilés, Alejandro; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emimmayorquin; Román Flores, Armando; Botello Arredondo, Adeodato Israel; Mecánica y materiales avanzados; Campus Monterrey; Jiménez Palomar, InésFused filament fabrication (FFF) stands out as a prominent technology in additive manufacturing (AM) due to its affordability and versatility in equipment and materials. Its suitability for research and development is evident. Recent advancements have led to the development of non-planar AM using FFF 3D printers, enabling the fabrication of curved structures with enhanced mechanical and aesthetic properties. This innovation has significantly reduced printing time and material waste while expanding the capabilities of FFF to print non-planar metamaterials. Notably, FFF finds practical application in the 3D printing of cranioplasty implants. This thesis investigates the utilization of non-planar AM for manufacturing such implants, focusing on dome-shaped structures for mechanical testing. Various topologies, including hexagonal, re-entrant, and squared honeycomb metamaterials, are explored for reinforcement. The study culminates in a comparative analysis between traditional planar cranioplasty implants and those manufactured with non-planar layers and lattice reinforcement, offering insights into their respective benefits and limitations.
- Architected cylinders: design, micro-mechanics, additive manufacturing, and sensing capabilities characterization(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-01-07) Betancourt Tovar, Mariajosé; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emipsanchez; Román Flores, Armando; Botello Arredondo, Adeodato Israel; Mecánica y Materiales Avanzados; Campus Monterrey; Ayala García, Ivo NeftaliArchitected matter could bring advantages that their fully solid counterparts cannot. Understanding their mechanics unveils critical elements impacting the overall structure deformation and monitoring these elements offers insights into structural behavior. This thesis encompasses the mechanical analysis of architected cylinders and how they could be used as sensing structures. Additionally, their potential in acquiring data from human grip strength is explored as a proof-of-concept. Hexagonal, re-entrant, and square rotated architected cylinders were parameterized in both rectangular and cylindrical cell arrangements. In the latter, the number of rotational degrees of symmetry was varied to evaluate their impact on the structures’ mechanical properties. After applying uniform pressure via computational simulations to the surfaces of the structures, it was found that the orientation of cell walls with respect to the applied load influenced their radial stiffness and deformation mechanism. Re-entrant models were the most flexible, while the square rotated ones were the stiffest. The deformation mechanism varied in re-entrant models when changing the rotational degrees of symmetry, which was attributed to the variation in length between concentric and non-concentric. The analysis of compression tests on 3D architected cylinders revealed that cylinders with a higher number of rotational degrees of symmetry, a rectangular cell arrangement, and a hexagonal topology exhibited stiffer behavior. Re-entrant models demonstrated auxetic behavior when one or more unit cells were aligned with the direction of the applied load. Concentric cell walls deformation was quantified using a curvature-based approach, comparing the area under the curvature function of a cell wall with the area of the undeformed cell wall. This ratio was compared to voltage signal of piezoresistive sensors that were inserted in the cell walls of architected cylinders. A relation was found between voltage and area under curvature ratios, suggesting sensor data reflects cell wall’s deformation. Two subjects tested the cylinders’ hand-gripping performance, yielding similar deformed shapes to those in the diametrical compression. This suggests that the curvature-based approach and sensors’ integration are methods that can contribute to the development of an architected de vice capable of obtaining hand-gripping information. Further work to achieve this objective may involve conducting mechanical characterization studies with varied orientations of cell arrangements relative to the applied load. Additionally, adjusting the dimensions of sensing cylindrical structures based on anthropometric percentile data could enhance conformity to the hand morphology of specific populations.
- Manufacturing of three-dimensional micromixers using additive manufacturing and non-conventional processes(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-12) Yáñez Espinosa, Christian Rodrigo; Martínez López, José Israel; emipsanchez; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; García López, Erika; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThis work explores strategies for manufacturing complex three-dimensional micromixers by using unconventional technologies such as stereolithography (SLA), lost-wax casting, and pyrolysis. The employment of these technologies is assessed towards the development of a new generation of methodologies enabled by advanced manufacturing that includes features to integrate micromixing on devices for medical and environmental applications. Three different technologies were studied to evaluate the potential to improve the flexibility and resolution of devices designed to stir and mix reagents within systems where mass transfer is limited by laminar flow regimes. For this work, the state-of-the-art manufacturing for micromixing devices was investigated, and then experimental assessment of the potential technologies was evaluated for a novel helicoidal micromixer design. Insights of the current state of manufacturing for microdevices were carried out using computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the potential of recent technologies compared with more conventional manufacturing technologies.
- Enhanced mechanical characteristics of Inconel-718 lattice structures produced by laser powder-based fusion with heat treatments(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-12) Briones Montemayor, María José; Martínez Romero, Oscar; emipsanchez; Elías Zúñiga, Alex; Olvera Trejo, Daniel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Guzmán Nogales, RigobertoThis thesis explores the mechanical properties of four lattice structures—BCC, diamond, IWP, and gyroid—selected for their load-carrying and energy absorption capabilities. Compression tests reveal that the BCC and diamond structures exhibit larger plastic zones, while the IWP demonstrates superior energy absorption per volume, attributed to its smoother surface geometry resembling the BCC structure. The gyroid structure displays the highest yield strength. The selected heat treatments, HT1, HT2, and HT3, yield similar results, though variations in microstructure and grain size significantly affect mechanical properties. HT2, with its δ-phase boundaries, exhibits promising outcomes. The combination of HT2 and gyroid structure enhances yield strength by 94%, making it ideal for high-strength applications. Similarly, the pairing of IWP and HT2 increases energy absorption per volume by 48%, suitable for energy dissipation applications. XRD analysis revealed significant changes in the principal crystalline planes (111, 200, and 220) across different heat treatments. HT2 exhibited the most pronounced phase transformations, with sharp XRD peaks and reduced microstrain, correlating with the largest grain sizes and the highest mechanical performance. HT1 showed initial microstructural adjustments with smaller grain growth and moderate mechanical properties, while HT3 resulted in a balanced microstructure with stable and moderate mechanical performance. Integrating lattice structures with heat treatments enhances material properties, with HT2 emerging as a promising treatment for advanced material applications. Recommendations for future research include exploring microstructural evolution, long-term material performance, fatigue behavior, and cooling rate effects.
- Auxetic lattice sensor for In-socket load evaluation(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Ramírez Gutiérrez, Diana Laura; RAMIREZ GUTIERREZ, DIANA LAURA; 883618; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; puelquio/mscuervo; Román Flores, Armando; Navarro Gutiérrez, Manuel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Fuentes Aguilar, Rita QuetziquelAuxetic metamaterials present an uncommon dome shape when subjected to an out-of-plane bending moment, known as synclasticity. This property has them potential candidates in aerospace, biomedical and textiles. Currently, the use of wearable devices has increased. These sensors allow the tracking of physical activity of the human body, which provide useful information about health. They need to withstand repeated large deformations and conform to the complex curved geometries of the human body without loss in performace. Conformability has presented a challenge in materials science and engineering and one approach to overcome this, has been the implementation of auxetic topologies. Still, most applications remain in their infancy and require more research. Despite biomedical sensors being subjected to complex loading conditions, most of the literature has focused on auxetic metamaterials under simple tensile and compressive loadings. The geometrical parameter-Poisson´s ratio was thoroughly characterized bia Finite element modeling (FEM). This brought up a thorough relation between their geometrical parameters and auxeticity. Their out-of-plane stiffness was also characterized via FEM and corroborated with additive manufactured samples subjected to the same boundary conditions. A conformability ratio was computed with digital image processing, and a generalized linear model of 95% confidence interval exhibited the relation between each parameter and this property. Topologies with similar conformability ratio were found, which allowed to establish a relation between geometrical parameters, conformability and stiffness. Finally, the fabrication of pressure-sensing devices was achieved by the instrumentation of velostat with different auxetic porous arrangements. This exposed a general view of their electric response under different loading conditions. These devices were also tested as in-socket pressure sensors, establishing a link between their electric and mechanical response while being stretched to conform an artificial residual limb. This, in addition to in-plane, and out-of-plane characterization, lead to key properties when deciding the geometry specific for applications; deformation mechanism, relative density, auxetic behavior and stiffness.
- The mechanics of additively manufactured reentrant honeycombs: apparent elastic modulus and energy absorption ability under cyclic loadings.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-14) Chapa Cárdenas, Amador; URBINA CORONADO, PEDRO DANIEL; 298324; Urbina Coronado, Pedro Daniel; emipsanchez; Román Flores, Armando; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Cuan Urquizo, EnriqueAdvances in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have made possible the design and fabrication of more complex parts such as the cellular solids. Auxetic honeycombs are a type of cellular solid with already demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties and great potential as energy absorber. This work consists in the fabrication and characterization of reentrant honeycombs structures to study the feasibility of AM technology fused deposition modeling (fdm) as the manufacturing process and its effect on the mechanical properties of the printed parts. Numerical and experimental analysis were carried out to obtain the apparent elastic modulus of reentrant honeycombs and its relationship with the relative density of the specimens. Disadvantages of selecting fdm include low accuracy in the shapes printed and inability to print cell-wall thicknesses lower than 1 mm in cellular solids. A non-linear relationship between relative density of auxetic honeycombs and their apparent elastic modulus was found.
- Development of a cement-based extrusion system for application in 3D printing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-10) Ruiz Jaramillo, Camilo; MORALES MENENDEZ, RUBEN; 30452; Lozoya Santos, Jorge; tolmquevedo, emipsanchez; Morales Menéndez, Ruben; Vargas Martinez, Adriana; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Román Flores, ArmandoTraditional construction has forged a paradigm in which any object made of concrete is limited to having a square or round shape due to the high cost of the molds used to cast the cementitious material. On the other hand, being an activity with a high degree of manpower required, it is highly dangerous since workers are exposed to hazards such as working at heights, in unstable structures, in confined places, and surrounded by heavy materials and machinery. Additive manufacturing has been implemented in multiple industries; construction is no exception. Where flexibility in design, speed, and automation are the factors that attract the most attention. However, for its application in a context such as the Mexican, ways must be found to develop materials and equipment that allow simplifying the technique, so that its massification is facilitated. In a context of confinement due to pandemic, this project explored the components and proportions that constitute a basic mortar to be 3D printed by extrusion. Qualitative methods were developed for the evaluation of mortars and compared with quantitative methods. The design and manufacture by 3D printing of an extruder were carried out that allows depositing layers of material stably and continuously. In addition, its design allows easy material feeding, easy coupling to a printing robot, and easy assembly and disassembly for cleaning. Finally, with the mortar and extruder developed, they were incorporated into a printer in which an experimentation process was carried out that led to defining the parameters of movement speed, extrusion speed, and distance from the nozzle. Some of the main contributions of this thesis, apart from the basic mortar for 3D printing with Mexican materials, and the design of the extruder. were the qualitative evaluation methodologies and the definition of printing parameters. that can be used for future projects to scale the technique.