Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Synthesis and obtention of CaSiO3 and WO3 ceramic particles as reinforcing fillers of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Gelatin hydrogels for cartilage regeneration(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-01) Catzim Ríos, Kevin Stalin; ORTEGA LARA, WENDY DE LOURDES; 95211; Ortega Lara, Wendy de Lourdes; puelquio, emipsanchez; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; López Mena, Edgar René; Soria Hernández, Cintya Geovanna; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Soria Hernández, Cintya GeovannaCartilage wear is a problem that affects a large percentage of the population and has gained relevance in recent years. However, current treatments do not present optimal results that favor the quality of life of those affected. Research in this field has recently focused on the development of systems that promote tissue regeneration instead of replacing it. In this work, the synthesis of CaSiO3 and WO3 ceramic nanoparticles was studied using chemical methods such as sol-gel and precipitation respectively, to later be used as reinforcement of hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl-alcohol)/Gelatin (PVA/Gel) for the improvement of hydrogel bioactivity within biological systems. For the CaSiO3 synthesis, a single pure crystalline phase was obtained, with average particle sizes between 40 and 150 nm. On the other hand, for the WO3 particles, average sizes of 130 nm were obtained. Both independent nanoparticle syntheses were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, DLS and EDX. Viability assays revealed that the hydrogel formulation lowers cell viability by at least 50% in fibroblasts (NIH) and osteoblasts (HFOB). However, silicon-rich particles were found to help improve viability, promoting cell proliferation. Finally, a new non-commercial printing system was developed for freeze-thaw crosslinked hydrogels, where the possibility of 3D printing the generated PVA/Gel formulation was verified.
- Synthesis and characterization of a natural-based hydrogel for biomedical applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-01) Ramírez Martínez, Carolina; Ramírez Martínez, Carolina; 0000-0003-2627-159X; Medina Medina, Dora Iliana; puelquio/mscuervo; Moya Bencomo, Marcos David; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Estado de México; Valencia Lazcano, Anai AliciaRecently, the scientific community has shown great interest in the use and modification of natural polymers as biomaterials with biomedical applications. The above is because of their high potential as coatings, excellent biocompatibility, and high bioactivity. Thanks to their broad catalog of modifiable properties and their good integration with tissues, hydrogels are widely used as materials matrices to facilitate wound healing, implants, controlled drug release, and low friction surfaces. Nowadays, it is possible to perform highly technological emergency procedures that allow the prevalence of human life, such as endotracheal intubations. However, when performed for an extended period, complications such as a joint tear, and airway obstruction can occur due to friction derived from the characteristics of the materials used. This master’s thesis proposes the synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel derived from natural sources as lubricating and relatively low-friction materials for their potential incorporation as coating of endotracheal tubes. The crosslinking of these hydrogels was accomplished physically using keratin and polysaccharides such as agar-agar and carboxymethylcellulose and was evaluated their water absorption at different concentrations. The morphological characteristics and porous architecture of the hydrogels were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Chemical characterization was carried out using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which made it possible to identify the functional groups that allowed the absorption of water from this material. The absorption of water from this material was evaluated by obtaining swelling rates up to 36.1912. The experiments carried out allowed to classify the hydrogel as a super absorbent and highly biocompatible material. The friction coefficients obtained are considered low; however, more research is needed to improve the lubrication of these surfaces. It was demonstrated that the implementation of interpenetrated networks increases the complexity of the properties of the hydrogel.
- Design and characterization of an adhesive and pH-indicating hydrogel with gentamicin release as a proof of concept for its potential use as an acute wound dressing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-12-06) Viaña Mendieta, Pamela; Benavides Lozano, Jorge Alejandro; puemcuervo; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; Mata Gómez, Marco Arnulfo; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Sánchez, Mirna LorenaWound care cost is an overwhelming problem aggravated by the burning of skin injuries and the overuse of traditional materials that are low cost-efficient. Modern wound care strives for multifunctional wound dressings to monitor physiological conditions and prevent wound infection or non-healing processes. Thus, this study addresses the synthesis and characterization of an adhesive and pH-indicating hydrogel dressing with gentamicin release for the potential acceleration and monitoring of acute wounds. The proposed hydrogels were prepared by physical and chemical crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), phenol red, glycerol, citric acid (CA), butyl-cyanoacrylate (BCA), and gentamicin. Diverse formulations, varying PVA and CA concentration, were evaluated and selected by the stable swelling profile. Then, the selected formulation was characterized by swelling degree, colorimetric pH-change evaluations, adhesion and dehydration assay, and drug release profile. The selected formulation was 4% wt. PVA, 5% wt. CA, 10% wt. glycerol and 1.5% wt. BCA, and showed excellent properties as a wound dressing. It had uniform transparency, a good pH-indicating property, enough water content, stable swelling degree and gentamicin release. Thus, the pH-indicating property showed the transition of pH 4 to 9, with sensitive pH change by forming the circle-like pattern at pH 8 and 9. The dehydration ratio was 1.0 and maintained adhesion to a plastic surface for 96 h. The release of gentamicin was enough in 24 h (96.3 %). Based on the results, this proof of concept concludes that the designed multifunctional hydrogel has suitable properties as a potential wound dressing. This study shows the opportunity to continue its characterization in detail in searching for a potential commercial wound dressing.
- Fabrication of highly perfusable gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) constructs using flow-based strategies(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06-05) Pedroza González, Sara Cristina; TRUJILLO DE SANTIAGO, GRISSEL; 256730; Trujillo de Santiago, Grissel; RR, emipsanchez; González Gamboa, Ivonne; Mertgen, Anne-Sophie; De Santiago Miramontes, Ma. de los Ángeles; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Álvarez, Mario MoisésOne of the most important challenges when engineering tissues in vitro is the creation of viable thick constructs. The diffusion of gas and nutrients severely limits the size of engineered constructs. Therefore, the incorporation of perfusable lumen structures within thick engineered tissues is needed for enabling gas exchange, perfusion of nutrients, and waste removal down to the depth of the tissue. Current biofabrication techniques used to create perfusable networks in thick 3D constructs are limited in resolution and control, and they require sophisticated or expensive tools. In this work, we propose a simple technique to develop perfusable hydrogel constructs based on the use of a 3D flow-based biofabrication technique, namely the mini Journal Bearing (mJB), and by employing sacrificial inks. Through the action of regular flows induced in a mJB and the flow-advection of two different hydrogels, we created constructs with an internal sacrificial structure. We used gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) as a permanent hydrogel matrix, and a drop (100 µL) of gelatin as a fugitive ink/bioink. Here we present a thorough characterization of the microarchitecture and porosity of these constructs. Especially, we demonstrated how permeability increased within these constructs. Additionally, aiming to mimic the architectural complexity of natural tissues, we added nanotopographical cues to our constructs by the incorporation of elongated flexuous plant viruses, namely Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV). We conducted our in vitro experiments using myoblasts cells as a biological model and characterized their biological response through time. We fabricated three different types of cell-laden-constructs: GelMA with suspended cells, GelMA with a gelatin ink loaded with cells, and GelMA with a gelatin ink loaded with cells and TuMV. Cells were able to grow faster and for longer in GelMA/gelatin constructs than in pristine-GelMA constructs. While an intricate network of cells was developed after 28 days of culture within permeabilized GelMA/gelatin constructs, only surface proliferation was observed in dense constructs made exclusively with GelMA. The use of GelMA/gelatin-TuMV had an evident morphological effect on cell attachment and proliferation. TuMV 3D meshes providing additional scaffolding within the lumina. While myoblast alignment was strongly evident in GelMA/gelatin where cells adhered mainly to the lamellae walls, in GelMA/gelatin-TuMV constructs, cells alignment was attenuated by interaction with the 3D micromesh of TuMV.
- Biofabrication of nanoenhanced hydrogel fibers for muscle tissue engineering using surface chaotic flows: Chaotic 2D-printing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020) Frías Sánchez, Ada Itzel; TRUJILLO DE SANTIAGO, GRISSEL; 256730; FRIAS SANCHEZ, ADA ITZEL; 887018; ALVAREZ, MARIO MOISES; 26048; Trujillo de Santiago, Grissel; RR; Tamayol, Ali; Ponz Ascaso, Fernando; Samandari, Mohamadmahdi; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Alvarez, Mario MoisésMultiple human tissues exhibit a fibrous nature. Therefore, the fabrication of hydrogel filaments for biomedical engineering applications is a trending topic. Current tissue models are made of materials that often require further enhancement for appropriate cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Here we present a simple strategy, based on the use of mathematically modelable surface chaotic flows, to fabricate continuous, long and thin filaments of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) added with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) for enhanced muscle tissue engineering. The fabrication of these filaments was achieved by chaotic advection in a finely controlled and miniaturized version of the journal bearing (JB) system. A drop of a pre-gel solution of GelMA was injected on a higher-density viscous fluid (glycerin) and a chaotic flow was applied through an iterative process. The hydrogel drop exponentially deformed and elongated to generate a fiber, which was then photocrosslinked under exposure to UV light. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted for the design and prediction of our results. GelMA fibers were then used as scaffolds for C2C12 myoblast cells, and the effect of adding plant-based viral nanoparticles (VNP) to the hydrogel fibers as nano-scaffolds for cellular growth was evaluated. Chaotic 2D-printing was proven to be a viable method for the fabrication of hydrogel fibers. CFD simulations accurately predicted the lengths of the printed fibers, and a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9289 was determined from the experimental and simulated data of the first two cycles. The hydrogel fibers were effective scaffolds for muscle cells and show potential to be used as cost-effective models for muscle tissue engineering purposes. TuMV significantly increased the metabolic activity of the cell-seeded fibers (p<0.05), strengthened cell attachment throughout the first 28 days, improved cell alignment to ~50%, and promoted the generation of structures that resemble natural mammal muscle tissue.
- Design and manufacturing proposal of porous bone scaffolds, based on parametric triply periodic minimal surfaces and 3D hydrogel bioprinting.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) Flores Jiménez, Mariana Sofía; Cárdenas Fuentes, Diego Ernesto; RR; García González, Alejandro; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Guadalajara; Fuentes Aguilar, RitaTissue engineering is a discipline with the aim of regenerating or replacing organs and tissues affected by degenerative diseases or deep injuries. To achieve this, it combines different biomaterials, manufacturing techniques and biochemical factors. In this sense, the creation of scaffolds as a method of cell guidance, attracts the attention of many studies, since, due to their assistance in the healing process, tissue growth can be faster and with a faithful reproduction of the original organ anatomy. Focusing on a more specific area, it appears the demand to develop porous scaffolds for bone regeneration, which require certain characteristics, such as a minimum pore size of 150µm, a porosity gradient to imitate distinct sections of the bone (10% for the cortex, to 80 90% for the inner part), and interconnectivity to create channels for nutrients and blood vessels. This is how a need arises to design a structure with minimal curvature, using a biomaterial that supports high cell viability (> 90%), and an effective seeding ratio, that allows cells to distribute uniformly throughout the entire scaffold. Hence, this work presents solutions for the limitations involved in the combination of a complex geometry design, and its manufacture with biocompatible materials such as hydrogels. After a review of the literature, a proposal is introduced, covering three major areas; obtaining a parametric model of the periodic minimum triple surfaces (TPMS) to facilitate the simulation of the bone, the delimitation of a protocol for 3D extrusion bioprinting, and finally, the selection and aggregation of biomaterials and methodologies to fabricate the complete scaffold. The results show that the use of the TPMS allows to design a geometry that really resembles the shape of the bone, additionally, its approach with a parametric method (using Weierstrass equation and an integration domain) gives rise to an efficient characterization in terms of computational costs, since it facilitates the use of B-splines and NURBS for isogeometric analysis, making it easier to verify that the designed scaffold meets the required characteristics. On the other hand, the scopes of having a protocol for bioprinting lie in a comprehensive study of the printing variables such as extrusion pressure and speed, together with the intrinsic properties of the material like viscosity and gelation time, ending with a method to quantify the resolution obtained. In that way, having a well characterized geometry and process, allows manufacturing to be manipulated by means of instructions, as Gcodes, and the incorporation of other support materials for rapid extrusion without neglecting viability, and in some way, surpassing the obstacles of generating TPMS with hydrogels