Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Rational design and engineering of functionalized carbon nano-onions reinforced polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-11-24) Velasco Delgadillo, Ramiro Manuel; Mamidi, Narsimha; puemcuervo; Sustaita, Alan O.; Cholula Díaz, Jorge Luis; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyRecently, materials chemistry has become an extensively studied research area due to its opportunity of creating or modifying existing materials, intending to improve biological, chemical, and mechanical properties and to further incorporate or substitute traditional methods. Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are carbonaceous nanostructures that pose excellent physicochemical properties and when its surface gets modified in conjugation with biomaterials, the complex gains improved capabilities as drug uptake efficacy, tensile strength, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, cytocompatibility, thermosensitivity, drug release profile, among others, with potential application in a broad range of areas compared with pristine biomaterials. In this thesis, CNOs were fabricated, functionalized, and reinforced with different biomaterials to create emerging nanostructures to study their influence in mechanical, biological, and chemical properties in orthopedics and drug delivery applications. Herein, three different CNOs, poly 4-mercaptophenyl methacrylate (PMPMA)-CNOs, poly 4-hydroxyphenyl methacrylate (PHPMA)-CNOs, and poly (N-(4-aminophenyl) methacrylamide)) (PAPMA)-CNOs were attached to polymer-based nanocomposites for their potential use in orthopedic and drug delivery applications. In all cases, physicochemical properties of nanocomposites were systematically studied, as well as cytocompatibility studies to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, showing an increase in cytocompatibility with osteoblast cells and augmented tensile strength, toughness, and Young's modulus. In conclusion, the addition of functionalized CNOs considerably influences the mechanical and biological properties which could be advantageously used in biomedical applications.
- Production and characterization of a multilayer thin film by pvd with antibacterial activity for biomedical applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021) Pérez Ávila, Juana Yessica; Oseguera Peña, Joaquín Esteban; 9202; Oseguera Peña, Joaquín Esteban; emijzarate/puemcuervo; Melo Máximo, Lizbeth; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Estado de México; Melo Máximo, Dulce ViridianaThis thesis for the Production and Characterization of a Multilayer Thin Film by PVD with Antibacterial Activity for Biomedical Applications is for the Master’s Program in Nanotechnology at ITESM CEM. Millions of people use some form of implant in their bodies and infection is the most serious complication affecting to an important percentage of patients, causing postoperative prosthesis failure, chronic pain and immobility. This thesis aims to develop and characterize a multilayer thin film of CrN, ZnO and PEG on the substrate Ti6Al4V to be used in implants obtaining antibacterial activity and an improvement in the mechanical and morphological properties. For the deposition process, Reactive Magnetron Sputtering was used, and the characterization was performed using Optical Microscope, SEM, EDS, XRD, AFM, Nano-Indentation, Rockwell C test using VDI 3198 norm, Contact Angle, Tribometer and Colony Forming Units Counting. The results showed an improvement in the tribological characteristics and positive antibacterial action.
- Optimization of nanocomposite hydrogels for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-11-24) Villalba Rodríguez, Angel Manuel; Iqbal, Hafiz Muhammad Nasir; RR/tolmquevedo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Parra-Saldívar, RobertoIn the present, diabetic foot ulcers are a very common pathology all around the world, and most products in the market offer to solve a specific need for the patient such as battling infection or allowing wound debridement. In such regard biomaterial-based nano cues with multi-functional characteristics have been engineered with high interests around the globe. The ease in fine tunability with maintained compliance makes an array of nanocomposite biomaterials outstanding candidates for the biomedical sector of the modern world. In this context, the present work intends to tackle the necessity of alternatives for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers through the formulation of nanoclay/polymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels. Laponite RD, a synthetic 2-Dimensional nanoclay that becomes inert when in physiological environment, while mixed with water, becomes a clear gel with interesting shear-thinning properties. Optimization of the hydrogel formulation is approached by preparing the samples at several concentration ratios (Nanoclay-Chitosan and Nanoclay-Gelatin; 35-95% of nanoclay in steps of 15%), where the mechanical properties such as viscosity, shear-thinning and injectability are observed to change. Zero shear viscosity of the samples was calculated by the Cross Model Equation, and was observed to increase for the chitosan samples as the nanoclay ratio increased (3.41x103 - 6.44x104 Pa⋅s at 35-65% of nanoclay, respectively) and then decreasing after that concentration of nanoclay. Gelatin had the opposite behavior, while both formulations having a zero shear viscosity of ~3.5x104 Pa⋅s at 95% of nanoclay. Injection force values of the samples in 3 mL plastic syringes with 20G needles, ranged between 1 and 4 N in average, approximately. Adding Laponite RD to chitosan or gelatin, allows for the modification of mechanical properties of such materials. The setup explored in this research allows for a promising polymeric matrix that can potentially be loaded with active compounds for antibacterial support in foot ulcers, as well as enzymes for wound debridement.
- Development of a novel synthetic coating for abdominal hernia meshes(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06) Castañeda Sáenz, Alejandro; CASTAÑEDA SAENZ, ALEJANDRO; 839878; Elíaz Zúñiga, Alex; lagdtorre, emipsanchez; Martínez Romero, Oscar; Olvera Trejo, Daniel; Díaz Elizondo, José Antonio; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Soria Hernández, Cintya GeovannaThis master thesis project focuses on the development of synthetic coating material for hernia mesh capable of decreasing post-operative complications and improving incorpo-ration and adaptability, also promoting tissue regeneration for 500,000 patients suffering from this pathology in Mexico. To achieve this goal, composite polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes were prepared using different biomaterials as hyaluronic acid (HA), vitamin E, xanthan gum (XG), polylysine, and others at different concentrations by solvent casting method in N,N- Dimethylformamide (DMF) and chloroform (CL). Surface morphology re-vealed changes in the porosity and in the mean pore size produced by the solvent-poly-mer interactions, as well as by the inclusion of biomaterials, obtaining specific pores al-lowing cell migration and proliferation. The changes in crystallinity and melting tempera-tures were measured by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), showing lower crystalline values in composite membranes. Also, the presence of crystalline planes (110), (111), and (200) could be observed indicating an orthorhombic unit cell corresponding to PCL nature. Functional groups were found by FT-IR analysis, showing vibrational bands confirming the presence of the polymer and biomaterials. How-ever, there was no creation or elimination of new bands, therefore it is inferred that there is a good affinity and interaction of solvents. Contac Angle (CA) technique showed both hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity behavior. However, most of the samples showed angles between 70º and 90º referring hydrophilicity which is beneful for stem cell attachment and cell migration. Finally, non-Newtonian and hyper-elastic behavior could be observed in rheology properties due to changes in polymer chain giving stiffness and re-orientation of molecules. Therefore, it was possible to develop a prototype of an intelligent synthetic coating for abdominal wall hernia meshes with superior characteristics to the commercial ones, and with significant advances in the state of the art, which will give the possibility of preserving abdominal wall integrity to patients suffering from this problem.