Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Use of nanoparticles of copper with plant extracts as an alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infections
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-08-29) De la Rosa Santana, Uriel; TORRES HUERTA, ANA LAURA; 207433; Torres Huerta, Ana Laura; emipsanchez; Hernández Cooper, Ernesto Manuel; Ordaz Cortés, Alberto; Tapia Ramírez, José Isabel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Estado de México; António Pérez, Aurora
There is increasing concern due to the high incidence of multi-resistant bacteria. The importance of these microorganisms is in the economic and health impact that cause at global level in different countries. Many efforts have been made to improve drugs to attack these bacteria, however in the long term this only aggravates the situation. Due to this, alternatives that allow to reverse this situation are necessary. Thanks to the development of nanotechnology, the importance of nanoparticles has increased in the last years to fight infections. The green synthesis process is particularly appealing. It has been reported the use of plant extracts as reducing agents allows obtaining metallic nanoparticles with antibacterial activity. That is why in this project copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) with green synthesis were obtained. For this, extracts of Azadiractha Indica (Neem) and Eysenhardtia Polystachia (Palo Azul) were used given a previously reported medicinal properties in urinary tract infections and their high content of metabolites as reducing agents for the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The extracts were characterized at different conditions of time and temperature, by IFTR (Fourier transform infrared) and UV-vis. Following this, mixtures of the selected extract with solutions of copper precursor salt at a specific concentration were heated under constant stirring for 20 h, taking samples at 4-hour intervals. The obtained nanoparticles were analyzed in terms of distribution, size, morphology, and concentration through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the characterization of its antimicrobial effect was determined thanks to absorbance analysis in liquid culture and plate reader. It was observed that as the synthesis time passes, the size of the nanoparticle tends to reduce. On the other hand, its morphology shows signs of being colloidal, although not uniformly. Meanwhile, when comparing the nanoparticles made with both extracts and different precursor salts, a different size trend was observed in nanoparticles. in terms of antibacterial activity, it was observed that the synthesis time at 20 h of the process shows an insight of bacteriostatic activity compared to a shorter stirring time. Meanwhile an indication of concentration-dependent inhibition was observed. On the other hand, it was observed that the combination of Neem extract with copper nitrate precursor salt is the best option for inhibition of bacteria. However, it is necessary to carry out more studies of antibacterial effects to guarantee its effectiveness to be an alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments.
Characterization of the chromium reduction activity of an endemic bacterium from the Atoyac river with potential use in water bioremediation
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-15) Puón Meraz, Ramón Iván; CARDENAS CHAVEZ, DIANA LINDA; 46659; Cárdenas Chávez, Diana Linda; puelquio; Luna, Itza Eloisa; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; Rocha Pizaña, Maria del Refugio; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey
Water pollution has become a major issue all over the world. One of the most devastating examples in Mexico is the Atoyac River, a victim mainly of the textile and automotive industries that produce contaminants such as phenolic compounds or heavy metals. Most of the contaminants in water bodies turn these ecosystems practically lifeless. However, unicellular organisms seem to be the only beings that thrive in polluted rivers. Bacteria are receiving more attention as model systems for bioremediation applications, given their availability and wide diversification in extreme ecosystems. This, in combination with the relative simplicity of the techniques for receiving genetic modifications, makes them ideal candidates as a source of biomolecules that might be used in the development of biosensors for monitoring the presence of pollutants in situ. Here, I propose a thesis whose main objective is to identify the possible mechanism, mainly the mediated by enzymes, of the hexavalent chromium reduction by an endemic bacterium (named Cr2.23a) isolated from the Atoyac River. In the characterization of this bacterial strain, it showed an optimal chromium reduction growing at pH of 8 and a temperature of 42°C. This reduction was localized on intracellular extracts, that would increase its efficiency by adding external electron donors such as glucose, lactose, sodium acetate, and NADPH. An API biochemical test identified this Cr 2.23a strain as two possible species: Klebsiella oxytoca and Raoultella planticola. To confirm these identification results, the 16s region of this strain was cloned and isolated. The molecular isolates were sent for sequencing to the Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica. These results will allow for the development of new strategies for water bioremediation and possibly a microbial biosensor for the detection of polluted bodies of water by heavy metals.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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