Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Effect of ultraound on protein extraction, functionality, and antinutrients of sovent-defatted sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) flour
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-11-14) Cordero Clavijo, Luis Mateo; Serna Saldivar, Sergio Román Othón; 3598; Serna Saldívar, Sergio Román Othón; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; del Pino Espinosa Ramírez, Johanan; Lazo Vélez, Marco Antonio; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Chuck Hernández, Cristina Elizabeth
Chronic-degenerative diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and cancer represented more than 75% of global deaths of year 2020 before the COVID- 19 pandemic. In this regard, malnutrition is one of the major driving factors. Proteins are key macronutrients involved in several biological process, nevertheless there are still several low- and middle-income countries where populations do not have access to high quality proteins. On the other hand, the highly consumed animal proteins also contribute to the previously mentioned health problems due to its contents of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, Sacha Inchi is an underutilized ancient Inca crop, whose edible seeds are high in oil (45-51%) especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein (25-28%), and an array of important phytochemicals. After oil extraction or removal, normally by mechanical pressing of seeds, the residue is a protein-rich flour. Interestingly, the Sacha Inchi pressed cake has been previously reported to be rich in essential amino acids, predominantly tryptophan a fundamental precursor of neurotransmitters. Nevertheless, there are several protease inhibitors previously characterized from vegetable protein matrices. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound to extract Sacha Inchi protein, while reducing its anti- nutrients content without affecting its protein quality. In this work, a 55% extraction yield of protein from solvent-defatted Sacha Inchi flour was achieved using ultrasound (15 minutes, at 1 cycle with an amplitude of 100%) under alkaline conditions (pH 11). Moreover, all the treatments assayed resulted in significative reductions of trypsin inhibitors (less than 20% of their original content); meaning that all the ultrasound- assisted protein extracts obtained herein were safe for human consumption. Likewise, alkaline extracts showed important increases on their essential amino acids, especially Tryptophan (3.4-3.8 grams/ 100 grams of protein). Regarding the in vitro protein digestibility, all the ultrasound-assisted under alkaline conditions protein extracts had significantly better protein digestibility (>82%) compared to other pulses and plant-based proteins. Finally, the techno-functional properties suggested that protein extracted from Sacha Inchi using ultrasound could be used as an adequate ingredient in formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals, especially beverages.
High-Protein Diets Effect on Metabolic Profiles, Gut Microbiota and Inflammation Markers in a Murine Model
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-12-18) Bárcena Lozano, Laura; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; tolmquevedo; Zabala Arcos, Judith; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Serna Saldívar, Sergio Othón
Dietary food is a key factor that limits the composition of microbial communities in the gut. Extreme diets cause a gut microbiota dysbiosis, modifying immunological markers and being able to produce inflammation in diverse organs. Specialized diets for losing weight and gaining muscle mass, and a raising economical support to obtain meat products in the market have doubled the recommended protein consumption amongst the population. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effects over metabolic profiles, gut microbial communities and inflammation markers that a high-protein diet, vegetal- and animal- based, can cause in a murine model. 27 male mice of 17 weeks of life (Mus musculus C57BL/6) divided in 3 groups: 1) vegetal, 2) animal and 3) standard were fed ad libitum with a high-protein diet (25- 30 %) for 7.5 weeks, following the directions of CICUAL and the Vivarium of Tecnológico de Monterrey. Mice were weighted every week. After the experimental phase, epididymal fat was measured in every group. Also, cecum samples were analysed by qPCR to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota (total bacteria, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacteria). Blood samples were collected to obtain serum, and the inflammation markers TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 and were analysed by Milliplex® MAP technology and the CRP by ELISA. The statistical tool Minitab® was used to process the results through ANOVA and transforming the data when necessary. Vegetal-based protein diet individuals had more epididymal fat than the rest of the groups. Moreover, they showed a higher IL-10 production as well as the CG. Nevertheless, microbial communities were compromised in the animal-based protein diet, showing signs of dysbiosis, although not presenting excessive production of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, metabolism of a protein excess with similar amino acid profile may have negative consequences in amino acid utilization and formation of by-products, gut microbiota profiles and inflammation in gut depending on the protein source.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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