Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Implementación de sistemas de autogeneración de energía eléctrica mediante cogeneración a partir de recuperación de calor de hornos industriales e instalación de paneles solares fotovoltaicos para una planta de producción de tubería en acero(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-22) Moreno Moreno, Yasmín Madeleyne; Pupo Pereira, Ana Milena; Valdés Correa, Johnny Alexander; Valladares Castellanos, Nicolle Abigail; Campos Gómez, Juan Alfonso; emimmayorquin; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Torres Puente, Eduardo FranciscoEl presente proyecto trata sobre la propuesta de dos medidas de mejora energética relacionadas con producción de energía en sitio. Dichas medidas van encaminadas a reducir la demanda de energía al operador de red local. Esto conlleva beneficios económicos y ambientales para la compañía, dado que se aprovechará la energía térmica desperdiciada hasta el momento por los hornos de producción para producir energía eléctrica en sitio, también se producirá energía limpia mediante una fuente no convencional y renovable de energía para este caso energía solar. La energía producida en sitio permitirá a la compañía obtener ahorros económicos y disminución de su huella de carbono.
- Automatización del proceso de corte con degrade para la optimización de los procesos en la fabricación de codos en tuberías de acero al carbón de diámetros mayores(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-20) Guerra Licón, Christian Jesús; Garza Núñez, Dagoberto; emipsanchez; Nieto de León, Eugenia Janneth; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Guerra Martínez, JesúsEl documento aborda la automatización del proceso de oxicorte en tuberías de acero al carbón de grandes diámetros, centrándose en mejorar la precisión, eficiencia y seguridad de los cortes. La automatización permite reducir costos operativos, tiempos de ejecución y errores, mejorando la calidad del producto final. Además, se destacan beneficios ambientales al reducir el consumo de gases y emisiones, y beneficios sociales al mejorar la seguridad y condiciones laborales. La implementación de esta tecnología se considera esencial para que JABC Construcciones y Servicios SA de CV mantenga su competitividad y cumpla con estándares modernos de sostenibilidad y calidad en la industria de la construcción. También enfatiza el uso de la metodología Design Thinking para abordar problemas operativos y fomentar la innovación en JABC. Se destacan fases como la empatía con el personal para entender desafíos específicos, la definición clara de problemas como tiempos excesivos de corte y altos costos, y la ideación de soluciones tecnológicas como la automatización del oxicorte. En cuanto a la cadena de suministros, se propone una optimización completa que incluye planificación, producción, almacenamiento, y distribución, lo que garantizaría la eficiencia operativa y una respuesta más ágil a las necesidades del mercado.
- Performance Comparative of Impedance Controllers for a Two Degrees of Freedom Robot(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-06) López González, Laura Daniela; Chong Quero, Jesús Enrique; emimmayorquin; Cervantes Culebro, Héctor; Morales Méndez, Rubén; Masters of Science in Engineering; Campus Ciudad de México; Cruz Villar, Carlos AlbertoThis thesis details a new design of a physical Human-Robot Interaction platform for the flexion/extension and pronation/supination rotations of the wrist. It was intended for it to be a compact, easy to manufacture system that is comfortable for each user regardless of whether they are right or left-handed. The robot has been programmed for it to function under three different modes of operations, each employing a specific compliance based controller: impedance, admittance and impedance Maxwell-based models. In order for the three of them to be correctly compared, a study was conducted with a total of 120 people where each individual performed a series of predefined movements, displayed on a screen, using the robot. During the experiments, the torque and trajectory error were sensed and computed in order to find the average error and maximum torque for each controller. Afterwards, in order to describe the human perception of each controller, a survey was carried out and the data collected was analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test and a factor analysis. Finally a correlation was found between the quantitative measurements, errors and torque, and the human perception results of the survey.
- Computational identification of genetic polymorphisms influencing human gene expression in obesity gene(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05) Jácome Velasco, Farid; Treviño Alvarado, Víctor Manuel; emimmayorquin; Campus Estado de MéxicoThe heritability of obesity has been estimated to be between 40% and 70%. 60 GWAS and more than 1,100 loci were reported. Most of these loci are in non-coding regions, making it more difficult to understand the role of these variants in the disease. One of the methods to understand these non-coding variants is to estimate their effects on gene expression levels of the neighbouring gene (cis-eQTL) or far away genes (trans-eQTL). This is achieved by a regression model explaining the gene expression level by the genetic variant and other covariates. The GTEx project characterized genetic effects on transcriptome across different tissues with eQTLs but did not report any eQTL on the principally expressed tissue of genes involved in obesity. Our project employed a rigorous eQTL mapping approach, utilizing gene expression and whole genome data from the reputable GTEx database. The genotype data, obtained from the GTEx consortium, was meticulously divided by each of the 22 chromosomes. The expression data, downloaded from the GTEx portal, was carefully processed into an expression matrix. Covariates were included to adjust for principal components, sex, PEER factors and protocol. The MatrixeQTL model, a well-established method, was used for the eQTL mapping of 21 genes related to the leptin-melanocortin pathway in tissues where these genes are highly expressed (pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and adipose visceral tissue). Our thorough approach led to the identification of 8221 eQTLs, with the gene POMC having the most eQTLs. This project generated a set of cis—and trans-eQTLs. These eQTLs may explain the variability of gene expression in genes related to obesity. They can be used for follow-up analyses, including colocalization or Mendelian randomization, to highlight the effect of these variants directly on the obesity phenotype.
- Assessment of non-invasive colorimetric methods for pH and glucose determination in human saliva(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05) Flores de la Toba, Raquel Fernanda; González González, Mirna Alejandra; emimmayorquin; Benavides Lozano, Jorge Alejandro; Willson, Richard Coale; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Rito Palomares, Marco AntonioMonitoring glycemic biomarkers such as glucose is essential for the management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and its associated comorbidities. Traditional methods for glucose monitoring are based on invasive blood tests, using other biological fluids like saliva could be an alternative. Point-Of-Care Tests (POCT) are widely used for saliva analysis using colorimetric enzyme-based methods. However, the influence of pH on enzymatic activity is often overlooked in the development of such analytical devices. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of non-invasive colorimetric methods for pH determination, and glucose quantification by microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for the analysis of human saliva samples. Colorimetric methods were developed for pH determination using spectrophotometry with bromothymol blue, image analysis of the color channel of test strips using a smartphone, and adaptation of this method to an App. The effect of pH on (μPADs) for glucose quantification was analyzed in buffer solutions, pH determination methods and the μPAD for glucose quantification were validated in saliva samples from 29 healthy subjects. Test strips and the App performed better than spectrophotometry when tested in saliva, yielding a mean of pH 7.58. NaOH was selected as the wet etching agent in the fabrication of the μPAD for glucose quantification (LOD of 0.14 mM), at a pH 6 device’s response was significantly affected. Although no correlation was found between pH and salivary glucose, pH may provide insight into oral health. In addition, a moderate positive correlation (r=0.53, p-value=0.0054) was found between salivary glucose and body mass index (BMI), suggesting a potential application in metabolic monitoring. Implementing colorimetric methods (pH and glucose quantification) could enhance saliva analysis tools for POCT and metabolic monitoring. Therefore, it is proposed that future implementation of these methods will serve as a useful auxiliary tool for point-of-care testing, such as glycemic biomarker detection.
- Transformative safety onboarding: integrating digital transformation into new hire safety training at Home Depot, using augmented reality and Image Tracking(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-04) Vázquez Iracheta, Diana; Tamayo, Francisco, Francisco; emimmayorquin; Vazquez Hernández, Jesus; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyIn this project, I focus on improving a safety onboarding process in Home Depot, by using two technologies: Image Tracking and Augment Reality. During the project I identified different areas of opportunities with the actual onboarding process a proposed a new solution with AR to create a more interactive and engaging experience. The actual onboarding process for Safety at Home Depot, consist in a program called “Safety Passport” in which associates use a paper-based document (with images and text) that explain the main safety topics that are going to prevent some of the most common types of accidents. The areas of opportunities are the lack data tracking, the lack of engaging elements and the limited learning approaches. At the end, the creation of the minimum viable product called “Smart Safety Passport” was receive as a positive experience and underscores the potential of AR as an immersive and effective learning tool.
- Niveles de Inventario y Acomodo de Almacén: Enfoque Práctico para mejorar Eficiencia y Rentabilidad en la Cadena de Suministro(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-03-15) Orduño Garza, Dinorah Janette; Sánchez García, Jose Manuel; emimmayorquin; Campus MonterreyEste proyecto investiga cómo las técnicas de optimización que pueden aplicarse para lograr una gestión de inventarios más eficaz. Se propone un modelo matemático que tiene como objetivo minimizar los costos totales de inventario, al mismo tiempo que se garantiza un alto nivel de servicio al cliente.El modelo propuesto se basa en el análisis de la demanda, los tiempos de entrega y los costos asociados con el inventario. Se utiliza los modelos ABC y EOC para encontrar la cantidad óptima de pedido y el punto de reordenamiento que minimiza los costos totales. Además, se consideran diferentes políticas de gestión de inventarios, como el tamaño de lote económico y el inventario de seguridad, para adaptarse a las necesidades específicas de la empresa.
- Performance and geometrical advantage of monolithic two-finger passive structure soft grippers for object grasping(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024) Valencia Licea, Roger Ariel; Roman Flores, Armando; emimmayorquin; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; Vazquez Hurtado, Carlos; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyIn the context of Industry 4.0 robotics is a key technology, as this enables further automation and optimization of production processes. Research of soft grippers is about making robotic systems more versatile. The main contribution of this work is to study the effect of modifications in geometrical parameters, while maintaining constant material and topology, on the geometrical advantage of a monolithic two-finger passive structure with external motors soft gripper design. Geometrical advantage is a quantitative way to relate output displacement and input displacement in a dimensionless ratio of them. The gripper is studied via nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) simulation, and experimental tests. The digital model predicts how the several variations of the gripper will behave in different situations. Then, experimental test confirms the simulation results with differences ranging from 3.7% to 7.9% error. The experimental test is conducted following the surface response methodology (SRM). Thus, an empirical model that describe the behavior of the grippers’ geometrical advantage in terms of width and length of a bending element on the gripper is obtained. The result show that the grippers are capable to grasp objects of various shapes and sizes. These findings suggest that soft robotic grippers can be studied within a virtual environment entirely. Allowing soft grippers to be made to suit Industry 4.0, leading to smarter, more responsive manufacturing.
- A comparison between fuzzy logic, and PID controllers to guidance their application in a DC-DC boost converter system with PV source(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-12-01) Aguirre Damián, Bernabé; Ponce Cruz, Pedro; emiggomez, emipsanchez; Molina Gutiérrez, Arturo; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Sánchez García, José ManuelThere is a need to integrate alternative sources of energy due to the expected lack of conventional sources, in addition to this energy consumption is expected to grow. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has emerged as a highly abundant source, and its use has increased in recent years, but it is important to consider that, as this source produces direct DC power, the voltage regulation is a crucial part in PV systems. To achieve this task PID control is a widely used control technique, however intelligent control strategies have been developed in recent years, among these strategies, Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) use has been increasing, as it aims to be a simpler control technique. PID and FLC have both been used to control the voltage in PV systems, each of these techniques being capable of regulating the output voltage in DC-DC converters, but both controllers behave differently, and each have their own tuning mechanism, so, in order to prove the performance of both control methodologies, a comparison to differentiate the main features that these controllers can bring in PV systems is required. In this work it is developed a DC-DC boost converter model in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and with the application of optimization algorithms, such as particleswarm, patternsearch, simulannealbnd and genetic algorithms it is tuned the PID gains, and it is developed a PID controller tuned by each algorithm and are compared with fuzzy controllers whose membership functions are tuned with the information obtained by the PID controllers performance. In total 8 different controllers are compared, even though the PID controllers presented lower error values, the FLC’s presented advantages in rise time and settling time reduction, overshoot minimization and ripple limitation in the response. In addition, a robustness analysis of both controller methodologies is carried out, changing the temperature and irradiance from the PV source, and a sensitivity analysis of the controllers changing the voltage reference.
- Standardized model for innovation proposal creation in the medical device field(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-11-20) Torres Flores, Adriana; Loera Hernández, Imelda; emiggomez, emipsanchez; Aceves Campos, Nancy; Siller González, Andrea; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThe following project was carried out at the company Bioana, a medical device company that develops projects both internal and external from international clients. Bioana is a project-oriented organization since projects are created to attend the specific needs of the client, the regulatory burden according to device classification and risks associated with the uncertainty of product development. One of the critical parts for project success is planning and that process incorporates the proposal quotation for our clients. In recent years the proposal preparation takes a considerable amount of time from 1 week to 1 month, depending on the workload of the management team and the complexity of the project. The objective of the current project is to create a standardized proposal model specific to medical device innovation adapting to the specific needs of Bioana, providing a clear framework for selecting, quoting, and planning each innovation project. The impact of the implementation of the proposal model is reducing the cost burden associated with delivering projects outside from the quoted timeframe, stay within budget and have clear guidelines when to negotiate with clients’ specific terms to avoid incurring in losses. The financial impact of such a model can be clearly measured by KPIs once the proposals are accepted by the clients and the projects are started. With the use of the proposed model the average time for proposal preparation went from a process that required several days, to 3 to 4 hours maximum.
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