Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Design and evaluation of heat exchangers for cooling thermoelectricdevices using additive manufacturing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-11) Gonzáles Garibay, Ángel Bernardo; Rodríguez González, Ciro Ángel; emipsanchez; Cedeño Viveros, Luis Daniel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Martínez López José IsraelThermoelectric modules is a relatively new technology for air conditioning systems en abled by solid state semiconductor base, with major challenges in implementation such as efficiency and high implementation costs. This thesis focuses on the design and manufactureof heat exchangers (HXs)generated using additive manufacturing (AM) that take advantage of the use of free form geometries impossible to manufacture using conventional technologies. Specifically, tryply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based structures, were tested. For the assessment, diverse gyroid designs with stretched axes were compared against a standard (not stretched) design and a traditional extruded flat fins heat exchanger. Computational fluid dy namics (CFD) simulations and experimental testing were conducted using a custom designed wind tunnel to characterize the temperature drop for these designs. Experimental data suggest that the charactersic high surface area-to-volume ratio of standard gyroids provides a limited performance compared to the stretched configuration. A stretched 4-row gyroid demonstrated the best temperature gradient of 9.21◦C, while the regular gyroid and the stretched 1-row gyroid performed the worst, with gradients of 6.44◦C and 6.05◦C, respectively. However, the convective heat transfer coefficient for the stretched 4-row gyroid was 188.41 W/m2 · K, lower than that of the extruded flat fins design, which was 197.18 W/m2 · K. This indicates that, although the stretched 4-row gyroid design exhibited the most efficient heat absorption, resulting in a significant improvement in the thermoelectric assembly’s efficiency, it still has room for optimization to enhance its convective efficiency. Such improvements could fur ther boost the overall performance of thermoelectric modules. This underscores the potential of optimized complex geometries to significantly enhance both the thermal and overall effi ciency of thermoelectric systems and opens the possibilities to see additive manufactured heat exchangers as feasible for enhancing thermoelectric modules for air conditioning systems.
- Quality assessment and validation of digital PCR (dPCR) for grapevine virus diagnosis(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-11) Hernández Pérez, Daniella María Joselyn; Díaz Lara, Alfredo; emipsanchez; Carrillo Tripp, Jimena; Rodríguez García, Manuel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyGrapevine is a highly economically important crop in Mexico. However, it can be affected by several pathogens, including viruses that can cause significant crop losses. It is important to identify early the infected plants to manage the disease correctly and prevent economic losses. Traditional detection methods have drawbacks, such as limited sensibility and accuracy. Digital PCR (dPCR) is an innovative method that claims to be more sensitive and reproducible than the routine method for virus identification: quantitative PCR (qPCR). This study assesses reverse transcription dPCR (RT-dPCR) as a method for the detection and quantification of RNA grapevine viruses focusing on grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). This assessment was performed using positive controls and comparing the limit of detection (LoD) results of RT-dPCR against the results obtained by RT-qPCR. ANOVA results showed that the PCR technique (RT-dPCR or RT-qPCR) and the virus (GVA, GLFV, GPGV, and GLRaV-3) were statistically significant in the results of the comparison of LoD. Furthermore, the replicates were non-significant according to ANOVA, showing high repeatability in both RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR. Tukey test demonstrated that RT-dPCR is significantly more sensitive than RT-qPCR, with a statistically reliable difference of 95% trust, especially in low-viral-load viruses such GPGV, which detection showed also to be statistically different than the other viruses. Additionally, a field study was performed to identify the presence or absence of each virus in 45 grapevine samples evaluated with RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR. Several false negative results were generated by RT-qPCR, which only reported positive results to 62.5% of the GVA infected samples, 85.7% of the samples contaminated with GLRaV-3, 38.9% of GPGV positive samples and for GFLV only 12.5% of the infected samples were identified. These results confirm the effectiveness of RT-dPCR as a sensitive method for RNA virus detection in grapevine, enabling early diagnosis and optimal management of viral infections in grapevine crops.
- Chickpea-based 3D food printing high-protein formulation: rheology and printability(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-11) Rodríguez Fernández, César Ibrahym; Tejeda Ortigoza, Viridiana Alejandra; emimmayorquin; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; Corradini, María G.; Caporizzi, Rosella; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyA study focused on the extrusion-based printability of extruded and non-extruded chickpea flours is presented in this thesis. This study covers the formulation of a chickpea based high-protein formulation intended for 3D food printing, assessing the effect of extrusion processing and omega-3-rich oil enrichment over the flours’ printability and rheological properties. Additionally, an open-source, printable standard method for any material’s image-based analysis is proposed and evaluated. Chapter 1 includes the motivation, problem statement, and context for this study. It also states the theoretical framework and state-of-the-art of plant-based printable formulations, 3D food printing techniques, and printability assessment methods. Chapter 2 deepens on the rheological concepts and functional parameters for a food ink to be printable. Chapter 3 details the hypothesis, objectives, and research plan followed through the development of the project. The short communication “Standard method proposal for 3D food prints picture-taking and dimensional accuracy deviation measurement” (Chapter 4) includes the development and usage of the image-capturing system proposed for replicable image-based analysis of the printing performance of any food ink. Chapter 5 consists of the manuscript “Chickpea-based 3D food printing high-protein formulation: rheology and printability”. Herein, the best formulation parameters for printing extruded and non-extruded chickpea flours are described, as well as detailing the effect of extrusion processing and omega-3 enrichment over the material’s functional properties. The abstract and acceptance letter for the oral presentation at IUFoST 2024 are included in Chapter 6. Finally, future work and conclusions are presented in Chapter 7. This thesis compiles the rheological properties of the chickpea flours used, as well as the successful printable profiles for their integration into more complex and nutritious formulations
- Analyzing VR and AR I4.0 technologies for industrial applications: A comparative study and selection approach development(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-11) Chavez Najera, Daniela Monserrat; Ahuett Garza, Horacio; emipsanchez; Urbina Coronado, Pedro Daniel; Orta Castañón, Pedro Antonio; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyIn recent years, the implementation of immersive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) for Industry 4.0 (I4.0) applications has increased considerably. These technologies enable the connection of virtual and real environments focusing on human centered manufacturing. A challenge when implementing immersive technologies in industrial tasks is the lack of clear paths to select the most appropriate technology for specific operations, and the nonexistence of metrics to evaluate the integration performance. Nonetheless, there are trends in the literature that offer insights to conduct the decision making process for selection between immersive technologies, ensuring the suitability of the application. Based on the decision criteria identified in the literature a decision making approach is developed. This thesis also presents the development workflow of three VR/AR applications implemented in Unity Engine for Meta Quest 3 and Hololens 2. These applications are evaluated using overall performance metrics and are analyzed using the proposed approach.
- Modification of photosensitive resin with 0D and 2D nanoparticles towards printing scalability(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-05) Meza Diarte, Salvador Alejandro; Sustaita Narváez, Alan Osiris; Rodríguez Hernández, Gerardo; Segura Cárdenas, Emmanuel; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Iturbe Ek, JackelineComposite materials, recognized for their ability to synergize the properties of multiple constituents, have become indispensable in modern engineering and manufacturing. Polymer composites, a prominent category within this field, are particularly valued for their lightweight, cost-effective nature, and ease of processability. This study investigates the integration of composite materials with vat polymerization 3D printing, focusing on the development of advanced polymer-based nanocomposites with tailored functional properties, by modifying commercially available photosensitive resins through ultrasonic dispersion of 0D and 2D nanoparticles: silicon dioxide (SiO2) and organo-modified clay Cloisite 30B (C30B), respectively. The SiO2 nanoparticles were functionalized with alkyl silane groups CTMS and OTS to achieve hydrophobicity. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the hydrophobic and flame-resistant characteristics of 3D printed components. A practical experimental methodology for the resin modification by ultrasonic dispersion was developed. The incorporation of functionalized SiO2 achieved intrinsically hydrophobic 3D printed specimens, with contact angle of up to 133°. The incorporation of C30B increased significantly mechanical properties with respect to neat resin, obtaining an increase of 37% in Young’s modulus, 39% in elongation, and 0.95 MPa. It also increased combustion temperature by 12 °C in the formulation with 5% clay concentration. XRD and TEM results confirm a clay exfoliation was achieved after polymerization, and the mechanism was proposed. A Jacob’s cure depth working curve was developed for both modifications to determine their printing parameters as the first step towards printing scalability. UV-Vis analysis confirmed that both modifications preserved the printability of the resins, demonstrating the feasibility of fabricating high-performance nanocomposites using vat polymerization
- View planning for three-dimensional environment reconstruction using the Next Best View method(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-03) Shain Ruvalcaba, Everardo; López Damian, Efraín; emipsanchez; Santana Díaz, Alfredo; López Damián, Efraín; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; González Hernández, Hugo GustavoThis study was made with the purpose of understanding the impact of the objective functionand optimization methods on the Next Best View problem, which consists in finding the next position that the sensor or camera needs to take to scan an object or scenery in its totality. A simulated 5-Degree-of-Freedom mobile robot with a mounted simulated range sensor was used on a Virtual Reality Modeling Language environment, and the space discretization was made using a voxel map. For the objective function, two main factors were included: an area factor to make sure that the image taken by the sensor provides the best possible information, and a motion factor made up of distance and energy sub-factors to reduce the resources used by the robot, making multiple experiments on a laboratory scene to determine their best arrangement on the final objective function. Global optimization tasks such as a backstepping technique to escape local minima and a dynamic change in the objective function were implemented. The retrievement of the scene was made on an iterative process, with each iteration needing an optimization process for which three different methods were tested: Nelder-Mead, an Evolution Strategy, and Simulated Annealing. A set of experiments comparing the three methods in computational time and retrievement efficiency were made on three different environments with increasing difficulty to test their repeatability, with them being a laboratory model, a room with a cube and a pyramid inside it, and a study room with multiple furniture and windows.
- Biomechanical analysis on newborns using mixed reality(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Gómez Mercado, Jorge Allan; Fuentes Álvarez, José Rubén; emipsanchez; Beltrán Fernández, Juan Alfonso; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Bello Robles, Juan CarlosI would like to express my deepest gratitude in this thesis to my core family, for the support during the duration of my masters degree, and all of my professional career. I want to dedicate this thesis too, to my core team which served as a guide in the best and worst times. My principal thesis advisor Dr. Jose´ Rube´n Fuentes Alvarez which has served as a great support in all the theory behind the thesis and all the material support; as well, served as a personal and professional guide along the years to whom I have great gratitude, and to which I would have not reached my current goals without him. Dedicated also, to my co-advisor Dr. Juan Carlos Bello Robles which helped along this thesis serving as a guide of solutions to many problems which originated along this thesis. Special dedicatory to my fellow biomedical engineer Jose´ Andre´s Mart´ınez A´ vila, which did not only aided the creation of this work, but served as a great friend and companion along the years, to whom I can say too that I would not be where I am without him. As well, I want to dedicate this thesis to a set friends which served as pillars along the creation of this work and of my professional path: Dr. Juan Alfonso Beltra´n Ferna´ndez, UST David Tovar, MSc. Abihu´ Audiffred. Overall, I want to thank to the institutions I feel completely grateful to: CONAHCYT, for the economical support along al the thesis and the institution which supported me along all of my professional career with an important scholarship, Tecnolo´gico de Monterrey.
- Postbiotics from cheese whey: Inactivation methods and biological activity of selected microorganisms(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Osuna Orozco, Francisco Raúl; García Cayuela, Tomás; emipsanchez; Carrillo Nieves, Danay; García Gamboa, Ricardo; Binetti, Ana G.; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyA postbiotic is defined as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit to the host, with potential applications for modulating the gut microbiota and managing metabolic diseases. While still understudied, postbiotics are gaining attention for their therapeutic possibilities, particularly due to their longer shelf life and safety profile compared to other biotic options. Many food industries are reusing by-products to create functional food ingredients; however, about half of the cheese whey produced by the cheese industry is still discarded untreated, contributing to significant land and water pollution. This study explores cheese whey as a matrix for producing postbiotics through three inactivation methods: pasteurization, thermal sterilization, and ultrasound inactivation. Four microorganisms were selected and tested, including two commercial probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5); and two strains from the BIOTEC collection (Kluyveromyces lactis BIOTEC009 and Lentilactobacillus kefiri BIOTEC013) isolated from artisanal milk kefir. The fermentative behavior of these microorganisms in cheese whey was analyzed, and the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the postbiotic preparations were evaluated through several assays and compared to a control group of the same microorganisms without prior inactivation. These results indicated that the postbiotic preparations exhibited desirable properties, often matching or surpassing the bioactivity of live preparations. The thermal sterilization treatment seems to be especially noteworthy, as it managed to enhance the antioxidant capacity of all strains, while the ultrasound treatment seemed favorable for anti-inflammatory properties. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3 stood out as the strain with the best bioactivity overall, even with its treatments, although, there was no single combination of strain and treatment that was the best for every assay. A techno-economic analysis was carried out by doing a simulation of an industrial- scale process to produce postbiotics using two inactivation methods, pasteurization and sterilization. The analysis concluded that for the parameters established, the project is environmentally friendly and both scenarios can be financially viable with a payback time of the initial investment of 4-5 years.
- Development of a scale model reverberation room for measurements of random-incidence sound absorption coefficient(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Martell Villalpando, Jacques; Ibarra Zárate, David Isaac; emipsanchez, emimmaorquin; Martínez Bórquez, Alejandro; Díaz de Anda, Alfredo; Padilla Ortiz, Ana Laura; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyReverberation rooms are specialized acoustic enclosures designed to achieve a diffuse sound field, allowing for a variety of acoustic measurements, the most prominent being random-incidence sound absorption coefficients of materials. To achieve this condition, very specific factors, such as highly reflective walls, large volumes, and substantial material samples, are required. However, financial constraints, material availability, or space limitations may compel small institutions to adopt alternative solutions, such as normal-incidence techniques using impedance tubes or free-field methods. Although these methods may require smaller samples and less investment or space, the idealized conditions they rely on may lead to disparities compared to the results obtained under random-incidence conditions. Scale modeling presents an attractive midpoint between both alternatives, offering the potential to provide the same versatility and reliability as a full-sized reverberation room while requiring significantly less investment, material, and space. This work aims to develop a methodology for performing random-incidence sound absorption coefficient measurements in a 1:6 scale model of the reverberation room of the Grupo de Ac´ustica Aplicada y Vibraciones of the Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnolog´ıa at the Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico according to current standards. The theory of similarity is employed to establish scaling relationships between the full-sized and scale model enclosures, ensuring the preservation of key physical characteristics. The results of this work have potential applications across fields such as metamaterials, architectural acoustics, and thermoacoustics.
- Chickpea hydrolysates: flavor enhancers from vegetable protein(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Ceballos Rubio, Carlos Daniel; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; emipsanchez; Garza Aguilar, Sara Margarita; School of Engineering and Sciences; Rectoría Tec de Monterrey; Serrano Sandoval, Sayra NayelyCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with excessive sodium intake being a major risk factor due to its link to hypertension. Efforts to reduce sodium in foods often face consumer rejection due to diminished flavor and texture. This study evaluates Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) hydrolysates as potential flavor enhancers to reduce sodium content while maintaining sensory ac-ceptance. Three chickpea types—non-germinated (Raw), germinated (G), and germi-nated with sodium selenite (GSe)—underwent enzymatic hydrolysis with Flavourzyme® at enzyme/substrate concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4%, for 2, 4, and 6 hours. Hydrolysis efficiency was measured by α-amino nitrogen (AAN) content, amino acid profiles were analyzed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to fluorescence de-tector (UPLC-Flr), and antioxidant activity was assessed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ácido 2,2'-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) (ABTS), and Oxygen Rad-ical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays. The highest AAN content (30.77 mg AAN/g) was achieved with GSe hydrolysates at 4% enzyme/substrate concentration and 5.27 hours. GSe also exhibited the highest umami amino acid content (60.15 nmol/mg), which was 1.52 times higher than Raw and 1.14 times higher than G under their optimal conditions. For antioxidant activity, ABTS inhibi-tion showed no significant differences (27.80–34.17%), while DPPH inhibition was high-est in G and GSe, outperforming Raw in all conditions. ORAC results showed a distinct behavior for GSe hydrolysates, reaching 263.80 μmol Trolox equivalents/mg under 2% enzyme concentration and 6 hours of hydrolysis, without the decline observed in Raw and G. In conclusion, selenium-enriched germinated chickpeas subjected to specific enzymatic hydrolysis conditions enhance umami amino acid content and antioxidant properties, sup-porting their potential as flavor enhancers to reduce dietary sodium intake.
