Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Improving manufacturing system design using particular and partial instantiated models based on an integrated product, processand ,manufacturing system reference framework(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-12-03) Ramírez Alba, José Antonio; Molina Gutiérrez, Arturo; tolmquevedo; Rodríguez-Salvador, Marisela; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Ponce Cruz, PedroModern manufacturing systems have faced several changes in recent decades. The creation of Industry 4.0 and the changing dynamics of markets place an increasing pressure to generate better manufacturing systems that are flexible but robust at the same time. In this way, it arises the need to assist in the design, modification or improvement of manufacturing systems at different scales, both in large manufacturers and small and medium-sized enterprises. To help with this goal, enterprise modelling architectures supports the specific description of various aspects of an enterprise and assist in the product lifecycle development by reusing general models that can be tailored to particular scenarios through instantiation processes. This work improves the development of manufacturing systems through partial and particular instantiated models based on the Integrated Product, Process and Manufacturing System Development methodology. These methodology benefits from the characterization of different industrial sectors to provide a collection of tools and activities that avoid starting developing manufacturing systems from anew. In this way, the proposed solution is to create the particular models to assist in the design of different manufacturing scenarios: (i) product transfer, (ii) technology transfer and (ii) manufacturing system design. The design consists of generating: (i) decision flow diagrams to assist in the definition of the manufacturing system type, (ii) engineering activities to support the development of the system, (iii) different toolboxes to straightforward the activities achievements and, (iv) a general map to guide the development of particular instantiations of the model. To verify the efficiency of this model, case studies are created in which the particular project activities are developed, and finally, the results are measured by qualitative and quantitative parameters to allow performance measurement of the present work.
- Micro machinability of net shapes of Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V for minimum material removal using ball end mill(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-15) Celis Renata, Pavel; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; García López, Erika; Rodríguez González, Ciro Ángel; Sandoval Robles, Jesús A.Miniaturization of medical devices is playing an important role in the manufacture industry. New drug delivery systems are being studied and developed, therefore materials to produce these devices must be investigated extensively. The objective of this work is to experimentally investigate and compare the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy produced via Selective laser melting (SLM) against the conventional machining method. 18 patches of 09 needles each were fabricated and machined with different cutting feeds (120,150 and 180mm/min) with aid of a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) system. Machinability was examined in terms of cutting forces, tool wear, surface roughness and geometrical dimensions. Each cutting feed was tested by fabricating 3 patches from solid blocks of titanium with square tools of .8mm. Finish pass was performed with a .2mm micro ball end mill with a constant spiral toolpath. Comparison was performed by fabricating four patches with SLM with an excess material of 150μm and machined with the same previous parameters. 3D images obtained by optical microscope reveal that the main force applied in the finishing of needles is the Z axis and cutting forces were higher when machining SLM patches. Tool calibration is the main factor to obtain high precision in geometrical dimensions due to the variation in length because of thermal expansion. Surface roughness for all tests were below 1μm with best results when cutting feed is set at 120mm/min, reduction in edge radius for ball end mills affected negatively the surface roughness. An economic comparison was performed and showed that the SLM combined with SM process has clear advantage over subtractive manufacture alone.
- Technological development of Alginate/Gelatin composite hydrogel fabricated by microextrusion based printing for tissue regeneration(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-14) Urruela Barrios, Rodrigo Alejandro; Ortega Lara, Wendy de Lourdes; Alvarez Guerra, Alejandro; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Vrginia; García López, ErikaAlginate hydrogels have shown an enormous potential for tissue engineering due to its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and structural similarity to extracellular matrices. To produce these hydrogels, different manufacturing techniques can be used, including microextrusion 3D printing. Current efforts for hydrogels in tissue engineering are centered on improving bioactivity and mechanical properties by the incorporation of a second biopolymer or bioceramics; and loading these materials with pharmaceutical drugs to promote a better healing process. In this work, the study of the synthesis process of alginate/gelatin hydrogels reinforced with TiO2 and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and loaded with ibuprofen, its extrusion in a modified 3D Printer, and its material characterization were proposed. The hydrogel systems were successfully micro-extruded by tuning the concentration of the pre-crosslinking agent up to 0.20 w/v% and a rheological profile was obtained. FT-IR, XRD, and TGA were used to perform a physicochemical characterization and prove the growth of ibuprofen crystals inside the porous material. For the drug loading, stable microemulsions were obtained with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsifier and various solvents, including dichloromethane. The pores of the crosslinked printed structures were measured using SEM and resulted in an average pore size from 160 μm to 40 μm, depending on the material composition, all with adequate porosity for tissue engineering. Furthermore, the hydrogels reinforced with TiO2 and beta-TCP showed enhanced mechanical properties up to 65 MPa of elastic modulus. Controllable drug loading was achieved up to 35 w/w% of the dry hydrogel with more than 50% of the loaded ibuprofen dissolving in less than one hour. Additionally, while the hydrogel was microextruded in the 3D printer, it was found that as more layers of the design were deposited in the built platform, there was an increase of the line width of the bottom layers due to its viscous deformation. Shrinkage of the design when the hydrogel is crosslinked and later freeze-dried was also measured and found to be up to 27% from the printed design. Overall, the approach taken enables to synthesize a printable composite alginate solution, loaded with an API, with adequate physical properties for tissue regeneration.
- Convergence of Industry 4.0 and Regenerative Engineering to boost development of scaffolds created by hybrid additive manufacturing(2017-12-05) Camargo Camrgo, Belinda; Rodríguez González, Ciro Ángel; Romero Díaz, David CarlosIndustry 4.0 and its underlying technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), are usually portrayed as a way to enable communication in a workshop between the machinery and an intelligent control system, handle consumer demand for customized products, achieve a near-zero defect manufacturing process, and handle materials, energy consumption, and waste more efficiently, amongst others. Case studies on how the automotive, electronics, or aerospace industry benefit from Industry 4.0 implementation are readily available and surely, there are more to come. By contrast, scaffolds of Regenerative Engineering, are still in Research and Development and yet to be approved as a commercial regenerative procedure. A thorough analysis of the requirements was developed and the product manufacturing phases were modeled using Unified Modeling Language (UML). Business, structure, activity, class, and sequence diagrams, amongst others, are modeled using this standard and an ontology that converges Industry 4.0 technologies applied on Regenerative Engineering is established under the Ontology Web Language Description Logic (OWL-Dl). An architecture to augment a scaffold manufacturing cell with Industry 4.0 technologies is proposed. By using smart sensors, actuators, and the information they generate, a database with material and process variables is populated. This database can then be analyzed by smart algorithms to find the most effective parameters to manufacture a successful scaffold for tissue regeneration. Initial testing shows the feasibility of the proposed architecture and its ability to store relevant information of the produc
- Design of a Bioabsorbable stent as preventive treatment of complication in bariatric surgery RYGBP(2017-12-05) Jara Mendiola, Juan Manuel; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; García López, Erika; Rodríguez González, Ciro ÁngelA new approach to the treatment of complications of RYGBP is covered by the implementation of design methodologies as quality function deployment and theory of inventive problem solving, (QFD and TRIZ) to propose a Design of a bioabsrobable stent as a preventive treatment. In despite on the variability of documented results of degradation rates of bio polymers and bio metals, a new lab protocol is proposed to homogenize both families of materials degradation rates into comparable results. The usage of PLA and AZ31 into a new protocol proposal of degradation tests were carried on. The design resultant by the design methodologies were tested by finite element analysis to compare compression resistance, flexibility and compressibility. Three design proposals are shown with acceptable performance and an expected functional life time.
- Definition of bio-physics framework for advanced driver assistance systems’ design and development(2017-12-05) Ledezma-Zavala, Edgar; Ramírez Mendoza, Ricardo; Bustamante-Bello, Rogelio; Soto Rodríguez, RogelioMost recent efforts made in the industry to the path for a full autonomous vehicle have been focusing on the automation of the vehicles’ maneuvers, and the understanding of the surroundings. While a great advance has been achieved, the most advanced implementations of such systems may be only at the scale defined by the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration as a level 2: “automation of at least two primary control functions”. Such systems require the driver to keep their hands on the steering wheel at all the time. One popular example for this is Tesla Motors´ “Autopilot” feature, which is in fact just a diver-assistant feature rather than a fully autonomous driving system. Given an NHTSA level 2 can still drive on itself by hundreds of miles in the highway, it is easy for driver to misinterpret the real capabilities of current systems and get comfortable on letting the machine take its decisions alone, wandering around visually or mentally, believing they are using a “limited self-diving” NHTSA level 3 of automation, or even a fully autonomous level 4. Current systems have evolved to process a great amount of information coming from the environment, but they may be leaving out the most important character involved in the vehicle: the driver. This project focuses on that forgotten element in the vehicle framework and intends to stablish a robust yet flexible representation for such a concept system as a driving environment, considering the driver itself, the internal mechanics of the vehicle, and external elements such as the driveway, other vehicles or pedestrians and traffic signals both passive and possible active signals with intelligent capabilities of Intelligent Transportations Systems (ITS)
- Desing of a deterministic closed-loop supply chain model for a product, with returns in the same period and following period(2017-12-04) Aguilera Garza, Héctor Eloy; González Velarde, José Luis; Zavila Río, Daniel; Sánchez García, José ManuelThe following work presents the study of a closed-loop supply chain problem, considering a single product with returns in the same period and in a subsequent period, considering only a deterministic model. The paper proposes a mixed integer mathematical model, which considers strategic and operational decisions, aimed at minimizing the expected total annual costs of the network considering different types of costs such as infrastructure costs, variable costs and operating profits. A computational experiment is presented in which the model is analyzed, the rate of return and recovery and the rescue value, and compared with another model created where the returns are only made within the same period.
- Development of methodological process to customize and manufacture cranial implants with high density polyethylene by means of Single Point Incremental Forming(2017-04) Salas Luna, Eduardo; Martínez Romero, Oscar; Perales Martínez. Imperio Anel; Zuñiga, Alex Elías; Caro Osorio, EnriqueThe aim of the present thesis is to evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing customized cranial implants applying the Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) technique on a bio compatible polymer such as High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE). The following research focuses on a CAD/CAM aided process that will help to find the optimal parameters to secure the best precision of the manufactured piece. This technique offers a sustainable, cheap and highly accurate process that will allow a bigger number of patients the possibility to have access to a high quality, aesthetic prosthesis that will improve their life quality