Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol: structural characterization and assessment of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-02) Torres Copado, Andrea; Paul, Sujay; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Arvizu Espinosa, María Goretti; Sahare, Padmavati; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Estévez González, Miriam RocíoThe global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is closely associated with persistent oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Natural polyphenols such as quercetin and resveratrol possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, their therapeutic potential is severely hindered by low aqueous solubility, poor chemical stability, and rapid metabolic degradation. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems offer a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability and functional performance of these bioactive compounds. Accordingly, this work aimed to co-encapsulate quercetin and resveratrol into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), thoroughly characterize the resulting nanocarrier system, and assess its biological properties in vitro. MSNs were synthesized through a modified Stöber method, yielding uniform, spherical, amorphous nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of ~126 nm, a high specific surface area (200.3 m²/g), a pore volume of 0.445 cm³/g, and a mean pore diameter of 5.4 nm. Co-loading was achieved using a solvent evaporation method, resulting in high encapsulation efficiencies (79.9% for quercetin and 71.4% for resveratrol). Physicochemical characterization (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DLS, Zeta Potential) confirmed successful drug incorporation, partial amorphization of the polyphenols, enhanced thermal stability, and a sustained release profile extending to 75 hours. The QUE-RES-SiO₂ formulation demonstrated significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity in DPPH, CUPRAC, and ABTS assays, surpassing free resveratrol. Strong anti-inflammatory capacity was also observed in a heat-induced protein denaturation model, with up to 75% inhibition, comparable to free quercetin and the reference drug diclofenac. In ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells, the formulation exhibited efficient nanoparticle uptake; however, it did not induce cytotoxicity or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within 24 hours, likely due to slow-release kinetics, intrinsic chemoresistance of the cell line, and low concentrations tested over a limited time. Overall, these results demonstrate that MSNs constitute an effective platform for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol, enhancing their stability and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential while overcoming key physicochemical limitations. Although anticancer effects were not observed under the tested conditions, this study establishes a robust foundation for future optimization of release kinetics, dosing strategies, and targeting mechanisms to exploit the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in oxidative stress- and inflammation-driven chronic diseases.
- Nanoencapsulation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in silk fibroin nanoparticles to improve its activity(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05-30) Galindo Martinez, Xochitl Mayte; Mayolo Deloisa, Karla Patricia; emimmayorquin; Jacobo Velázquez, Daniel Alberto; Lozano García, Omar; Benavides Lozano, Jorge Alejandro; Köber, Mariana; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Sánchez Trasviña, CalefThe global obesity epidemic represents a significant health challenge, leading to various metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. Current treatments often involve drugs with limited efficacy and significant side effects. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol found in green tea, has demonstrated potential anti-obesogenic effects. However, its low bioavailability and stability limit its therapeutic applications. This study addresses these limitations by exploring the ncapsulation of EGCG in silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) to enhance its stability and bioactivity. The reverse microemulsion technique was employed to synthesize SFNPs, which were then loaded with EGCG using an adsorption method. The nanoparticles were characterized for their physicochemical properties, including size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to observe morphology and confirm EGCG encapsulation. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the ABTS assay, and cell viability was assessed using the Alamar Blue test on the 3T3-L1 cell line. The synthesized EGCG-loaded SFNPs showed slightly increased particle sizes with a low PDI, indicating homogeneous distribution. The zeta potential of EGCG-SFNPs increased compared to SFNPs alone, suggesting modified surface characteristics and potential stability improvement. EGCG retained its antioxidant activity after encapsulation, with increased radical scavenging activity at a 1:10 EGCG-SFNPs mass ratio. Cell viability assays indicated that EGCG-SFNPs were less cytotoxic than SFNPs alone, highlighting the EGCG potential to mitigate adverse effects. The encapsulation efficiency of EGCG in SFNPs was highest at a 1:10 mass ratio, primarily due to the gallate group's affinity for hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the nanoparticles. This study demonstrates the potential of EGCG- SFNPs to enhance the stability and bioactivity of EGCG, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity treatment. The findings suggest that encapsulated EGCG could serve as an effective anti-obesogenic agent highlighting the benefits of nanoparticle-based delivery systems in improving the efficacy of bioactive compounds.
- Fabrication and characterization of microalgae extract loaded chitosan/alginate-based nanoparticles with ultraviolet protection features(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-12-06) Santiesteban Romero, Berenice; Iqbal, Hafiz Muhammad Nasir; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Martínez Ruiz, Manuel; Coronado Apodaca, Karina Guadalupe; Gámez Méndez, Ana María; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Sosa Hernández, Juan EduardoMicroalgae are constantly exposed to ultraviolet rays because they are usually found in areas with high sunlight exposure. Several studies have addressed the harmful impact of increased ultraviolet radiation on various microalgae. However, some microalgae have a great ability to overcome or counteract different stresses such as intense solar ultraviolet radiation, this has been happening over the years and with the evolution of microalgae, some examples of defense and/or tolerance mechanisms are DNA repair, synthesis of antioxidants, and enzymatic/non-enzymatic compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin to counteract the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. This characteristic has not only been investigated to learn more about microalgae, but also for applications such as product creation, since they grow rapidly and are considered the most promising and sustainable sources of biomass. Due to their performance under optimal conditions, they have been widely studied for different bioproducts. Which is why microalgae extracts, by showing resistance to both types of rays, show great potential as sunscreens and this gives a very strong advantage to future bioproducts. This study deals with the application of microalgae extracts for the creation of polymeric nanoparticles based on chitosan and alginate. The synthesis of nanoparticles with a size of 500 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.1 was successfully achieved, indicating the uniformity of these nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques were used for the analysis of these nanoparticles, including UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). All these techniques allow us to see different aspects of the nanoparticles confirming their structure, uniformity, and composition for further effective utilization.
- Study on the efficacy of association and internalization of biopolymeric NPs functionalized with exendin-4 on pancreatic islets(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-08-30) Contreras Sánchez, Azazel Monserrat; Lozano García, Omar; emipsanchez; García Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; Ramón Azcón, Javier; Cholula Díaz, Jorge Luis; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Alves Figueiredo, Hugo JorgePharmacological treatments of diabetes mellitus have the main purpose of maintaining glucose levels and enhancing metabolism, due that most of the drugs are taken orally, they present limitations in delivery specificity. Thus, there is a necessity to develop novel strategies for drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology. Among these, nanoparticles (NPs), have emerged as a promising candidate to improve the delivery by prolonging drug half-life time, and regulating their kinetics release. Furthermore, incorporating a homing peptide to these NPs increases the interaction with the biological system by promoting target specificity. In this work, we developed and optimized NPs based on PLGA and PEG. These NPs were functionalized with a homing peptide drug for pancreatic islets, exendin-4 (Ex-4). Results from hydrodynamic diameter of NPs-Ex-4 at different molar ratio ranged 199.06 ± 50.10 nm with a negative zeta potential. The yield for Ex-4 functionalization with different molar ratio, 1: 0.5 and 1:1, resulted in 0.57 ± 0.28 % and 12.08 ± 3.20%, respectively. Being the molar ratio 1:1 the best protocol for synthesis. The presence of Ex-4 in the surface of the NPs was confirmed by 𝐻 1𝑁𝑀𝑅 spectra. For In vitro studies, FITC was encapsulated in NPs/NPs-Ex-4 to analyze the association and internalization in pancreatic islets. Results demonstrated that there are statistically significant differences of association of NPs/NPs-Ex-4, with a higher association observed in NPs-Ex-4, resulting in a in 31.6 ± 1.36 % of FITC-positive cells to the total area of the islet. The results suggest NPs can internalize into the islet cells after 24 hrs of administration. On the other hand, NPs-Ex-4 showed an incretin effect on insulin secretion associated with the activation of the receptor GLP-1, which activates PKA signaling pathway. This approach emphasizes the concept of multidrug delivery system with targeting capabilities to target pancreatic islets.
- Synthesis and obtention of CaSiO3 and WO3 ceramic particles as reinforcing fillers of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Gelatin hydrogels for cartilage regeneration(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-01) Catzim Ríos, Kevin Stalin; ORTEGA LARA, WENDY DE LOURDES; 95211; Ortega Lara, Wendy de Lourdes; puelquio, emipsanchez; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; López Mena, Edgar René; Soria Hernández, Cintya Geovanna; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Soria Hernández, Cintya GeovannaCartilage wear is a problem that affects a large percentage of the population and has gained relevance in recent years. However, current treatments do not present optimal results that favor the quality of life of those affected. Research in this field has recently focused on the development of systems that promote tissue regeneration instead of replacing it. In this work, the synthesis of CaSiO3 and WO3 ceramic nanoparticles was studied using chemical methods such as sol-gel and precipitation respectively, to later be used as reinforcement of hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl-alcohol)/Gelatin (PVA/Gel) for the improvement of hydrogel bioactivity within biological systems. For the CaSiO3 synthesis, a single pure crystalline phase was obtained, with average particle sizes between 40 and 150 nm. On the other hand, for the WO3 particles, average sizes of 130 nm were obtained. Both independent nanoparticle syntheses were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, DLS and EDX. Viability assays revealed that the hydrogel formulation lowers cell viability by at least 50% in fibroblasts (NIH) and osteoblasts (HFOB). However, silicon-rich particles were found to help improve viability, promoting cell proliferation. Finally, a new non-commercial printing system was developed for freeze-thaw crosslinked hydrogels, where the possibility of 3D printing the generated PVA/Gel formulation was verified.
- Development of surface modified PLGA nanoparticles with a homing peptide for enhanced particle-cell nanobiointeraction(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-12) Flores Hernández, Héctor Eduardo; Lozano García, Omar; puelquio/mscuervo; García Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; Vega Cantú, Yadira Itzel; Aguirre Soto, Héctor Alan; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyNanomaterials presents unique physicochemical, optical, and mechanical properties that are related with the large surface area to mass ratio. During the last 20 years nanotechnology have been related with the sciences of life as an alternative to solve problems using novel strategies that are developed based on nanostructures to reach specific targets in the body. Drug delivery of compounds loaded in nanovehicles has become in a special topic of nanomedicine, in which encapsulated compounds in nanomaterials could reach higher yields, due to the protection from degradation or targeting tissue in in vivo models. However, in in vitro models drug delivery in nanostructured materials has been used to develop different proof of concept to boost novels ideas that can be eventually applied in in vivo models. In this work, we study the surface functionalization method of PLGA nanoparticles using different methods of PEGylation for the further modification surface with Ang II. For PVA coated PLGA nanoparticles we obtain an average hydrodynamic diameter for all nanoformulations around 130 nm and negative surface charge, the yield for PEGylation of nanoparticles and surface modification of Ang II resulted undetectable for almost all methods used for characterization (1H-NMR, FTIR and Lowry method of Ang II detection only) and the biologic interactions with cardiac cells of Ang II surface modified PLGA nanoparticles did not present changes regard to non-surface modified PLGA nanoparticles. In contrast, PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles present higher hydrodynamic diameter (150 to 225 nm) and negative surface charge, however, the surface modification using Ang II resulted in higher yields that can be characterized and quantified (13.31 mg of Ang/mg of surface PEG). As we expected the biologic interactions with cardiac cells resulted in higher association of PLGA-b-PEG-Ang II nanoparticles than the unmodified PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles.
- Synthesis of carbon nanotubes on carbon-based structures through the use of nanoparticles, pyrolysis, and chemical vapor deposition(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-11-24) Potes Lesoinne, Humberto André; GALLO VILLANUEVA, ROBERTO CARLOS; 213295; Gallo Villanueva, Roberto Carlos; puemcuervo; Pérez González, Victor Hugo; Salazar Soto, Arnoldo; Martínez Chapa, Sergio Omar; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Bautista Flores, ClaudiaThe survival of living beings, including humanity, depends on a continuous supply of clean water. However, due to the development of industry, agriculture, and population growth, an increasing number of wastewaters is discarded, and the negative effects of such actions are clear. The first step in solving this situation is the collection and monitoring of pollutants in water bodies to subsequently facilitate their treatment. Nonetheless, traditional sensing techniques are typically laboratory-based, leading to a potential decrease in analysis quality. This work is divided in two main components: a review of recent developments in the micro- and nano- scale electrochemical devices for pollutant detection in wastewater, and the development of a glassy carbon/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) microstructure from SU-8 and iron oxide nanoparticles. The diameter of the produced carbon posts remains constant, at 20 μm, throughout the process, and the produced CNTs of varying lengths have diameters ranging from 500 to 600 nm. The fabrication of these low-cost microstructures requires several steps including photolithography, pyrolysis, and chemical vapor deposition. The addition of CNTs to the carbon-based structure visually increased its surface area and has the potential of enhancing its electrochemical properties.
- Administration of resveratrol and cyclosporine a nanoparticles in a hypoxia/reoxygenation model(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06) Hernández Fontes, Paulina; LOZANO GARCIA, OMAR; 486173; ; Lozano García, Omar; tolmquevedo, emipsanchez; Mayolo Deloisa, Karla P.; Cholula Díaz, Jorge L.; Santillán Zerón, Moíses; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; García Rivas, Gerardo de JesúsIschemia reperfusion (I/R) injury remains as a neglected therapeutic target, limiting the benefits on morbidity and mortality of early reperfusion therapies. In this work, two separate poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles incorporating resveratrol (Resv-NPs), a phytoalexin with strong antioxidant potential, and cyclosporine A (CsA-NPs), a pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), were developed. These molecules present limitations in their pharmacokinetic profiles which obstruct them from being effectively applied as a treatment for I/R injury. In a H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast model of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, free drugs were compared with their encapsulated counterparts through the assessment of cell viability. In terms of the latter, Resv-NPs appeared to have an equivalent protection than that of free Resv, however, CsA-NPs appeared to widen CsA narrow therapeutic window under the conditions here reported. mPTP opening was assessed through a Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) assay, where encapsulation appeared to improve Resv-induced inhibition of pore opening at a concentration of 0.1 μM, while both free and encapsulated CsA groups appeared to prevent mPTP opening. The potential in vivo applications of these nanoformulations as well as the perspectives of this work are described.
- Characterization of the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06-15) Luna Figueroa, Estefanía; GARCIA RIVAS, GERARDO DE JESUS; 43362; García Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; emipsanchez/puemcuervo; Castorena Torres, Fabiola; Aguirre Tostado, Francisco Servando; Lozano García, Omar; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Contreras Torres, Flavio FernandoGraphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are carbon nanomaterials, which stand out for their industrial and biomedical use due to their extraordinary physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, possible health risks call into question the benefits derived from its use. In particular, our interest is focused on cardiovascular tissue. Accumulation of particles in the myocardium may be feasible in this type of tissue, a risk that is more severe in tissues with a predisposition to damage. Even at low concentrations of particles, the risk ratio indicates the possibility of cardiometabolic disorders. The present study analyzes the cytotoxicity of GO and RGO in healthy cardiomyoblasts and cardiomyoblasts with cellular damage, using a pathological model of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy. From the results obtained, we proposed possible mechanisms of cellular damage.