Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Rational design and engineering of functionalized carbon nano-onions reinforced polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-11-24) Velasco Delgadillo, Ramiro Manuel; Mamidi, Narsimha; puemcuervo; Sustaita, Alan O.; Cholula Díaz, Jorge Luis; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyRecently, materials chemistry has become an extensively studied research area due to its opportunity of creating or modifying existing materials, intending to improve biological, chemical, and mechanical properties and to further incorporate or substitute traditional methods. Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are carbonaceous nanostructures that pose excellent physicochemical properties and when its surface gets modified in conjugation with biomaterials, the complex gains improved capabilities as drug uptake efficacy, tensile strength, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, cytocompatibility, thermosensitivity, drug release profile, among others, with potential application in a broad range of areas compared with pristine biomaterials. In this thesis, CNOs were fabricated, functionalized, and reinforced with different biomaterials to create emerging nanostructures to study their influence in mechanical, biological, and chemical properties in orthopedics and drug delivery applications. Herein, three different CNOs, poly 4-mercaptophenyl methacrylate (PMPMA)-CNOs, poly 4-hydroxyphenyl methacrylate (PHPMA)-CNOs, and poly (N-(4-aminophenyl) methacrylamide)) (PAPMA)-CNOs were attached to polymer-based nanocomposites for their potential use in orthopedic and drug delivery applications. In all cases, physicochemical properties of nanocomposites were systematically studied, as well as cytocompatibility studies to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, showing an increase in cytocompatibility with osteoblast cells and augmented tensile strength, toughness, and Young's modulus. In conclusion, the addition of functionalized CNOs considerably influences the mechanical and biological properties which could be advantageously used in biomedical applications.
- Biomass based carbon-carbon nanocomposite for water purification(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06) Castañeda Maldonado, Luis Enrique; Rodríguez Macías, Fernando J.; emipsanchez/tolmquevedo; Vega Cantú, Yadira I.; Pérez González, Víctor H.; Cholula Díaz, Jorge L.; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyAs the human population grows, our industrialization expansion and agricultural footprint increases as well, putting at risk the quality of freshwater bodies available due to contaminants as dyes, heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, etc. Several methods of water purification have been developed to satisfy the need for drinking water, but it is becoming harder to remove the wide variety of pollutants present now, due to their concentration and size, nano contaminants and emerging contaminants are a new potential threat. Porous carbon structures have been widely studied for their properties, such as large surface area, high porosity, high electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, among others, which makes them an interesting material for many areas, like supercapacitors, chemical sensors, energy storage and water purification, given that their properties can be tuned and that few materials have a good performance in all those attributes. Porous carbon structures, derived from biomass byproducts or polymers, have been used as meshes, membranes, or individual adsorbents for different pollutants. Here, the use of fruits’ pulp is proposed as a carbon source, as roughly 45% of cultivated fruits and vegetables are rejected before reaching consumers, which could render them an inexpensive raw material. Freeze drying of fruit pulp results in a very porous material, which can be pyrolyzed into a porous carbon material. To increase further the surface area and improve its adsorption properties, this project proposed the use of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), for the catalytic-assisted growth of carbon nanostructures, in order to increase the removal of pollutants in water. In this case, affinity for methylene blue and copper ions adsorption were considered as the model systems to use. Our results show how the porous structure is maintained during the freeze-drying and pyrolysis process, as well as that catalyst particles can be formed in situ during pyrolysis by treating the freeze-dried fruit with iron containing precursor solutions. Due to time and quarantine limitations CVD experiments were not possible, thus the proposed final steps are discussed as expected results on the basis of the literature, and the steps to follow are presented, for when the experimental work can be resumed, as well as the possible future work.
- Biomass based aerogels reinforced with carbon nanostructures as a nanocomposite material for construction(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06) Rubalcaba Medina, Analuisa; ; Rodríguez Macías, Fernando J.; emipsanchez/tolmquevedo; Martínez Chapa, Sergio Omar; Vega Cantú, Yadira I.; Melo Máximo, Dulce Viridiana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThe construction sector contributes significantly to environmental pollution, with increasing environmental concerns associated with sustainability and waste disposal challenges, materials derived from renewable resources such as nanocellulose and biomass are receiving more attention. Nanocellulose, the most renewable and biodegradable polymer, has been extracted from various plant resources through mechanical and chemical means and has been used as reinforcement for composites. Aerogels are lightweight and highly porous materials which can withstand thousands of times their own weight and have very low thermal conductivity, both properties could be of interest to construction materials. This thesis considers recent advances in cellulose nanoparticles and composites and proposes new approaches for their application in construction materials, with reduced ecological impact. A key consideration in determining the materials used for this work was their availability and renewable origin, paper waste was used as raw material for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by acid hydrolysis. In particular, office printing paper CNCs showed crystallinity index values as high as 62.81%), making it a suitable eco-friendly candidate. Fruit pulp, due to its inherent porous structure when freeze-dried, was selected as the matrix for the preparation of aerogels. Iron is a common catalyst for the growth of carbon nanostructures, and preliminary experiments showed that treatment of biomass from commercial freeze-dried raspberry and blackberry fruits, with iron salts, produced a carbon aerogel, with iron particles. The proposed process for obtaining the initial aerogels from fruit pulp and CNCs, is freeze-drying, the resulting aerogel being the basis for a carbon-carbon composite by pyrolysis, followed by growth of carbon nanostructures by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Iron nanoparticles would be the basis for subsequent growth of carbon nanostructures by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). The carbon-carbon composites resulting from the proposed approach are expected to exhibit unique hierarchical meso-macroporous structures from the natural structures of the fruit, with improved mechanical properties by the addition of CNCs, and from carbon nanotubes or other nanostructures growing over the fruit pulp based carbon aerogel. The resulting materials are expected to exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties. The contribution of this dissertation is to further study aerogels, proposing an alternate material for their composition that is more eco-friendly and can be an alternative for waste recycling. The intent is to use this sustainable material to acquire new characteristics and properties, besides those known for aerogels, by using nanomaterials that make them more mechanically stable. Main emphasis is placed in the construction sector, for more beneficial and efficient materials, compared to concrete and steel; however it can also be used in other applications such as supercapacitors, filtration systems and catalysts, among others.