Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Effect of moderate exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and dynamics in obese Zucker rats(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06) Nieblas León, Bianca Daniela; NIEBLAS LEON, BIANCA DANIELA; 450250; García Ramírez, Noemí; RR, emipsanchez; García Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; Castorena Torres, Fabiola; Hernández Brenes, Carmen; De la Garza Hernández, Ana Laura Isabel; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Altamirano Barrera, JulioObesity and metabolic syndrome are related to a significant reduction in mitochondrial quality. Current evidence suggests that both conditions promote an unbalance between fusion and fission, the main events of mitochondrial dynamics and this is associated with alterations in mitochondrial function, mainly in highly energetic tissues such as skeletal muscle. In the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders, the various adaptations resulting from moderate-intensity physical exercise stand out, which are considered to be regulated by AMPK. This project aimed to evaluate modifications in gene and protein expression of the main regulators of mitochondrial dynamics and, using confocal microscopy, determine changes in mitochondrial function through the evaluation of membrane potential and distribution changes in the main mitochondrial subpopulations in a murine model of obesity after chronic moderate exercise. 12 weeks old male Zucker obese rats were randomly divided into a sedentary obese group and an exercise obese group (n=4 per group). The exercise consisted of 4 weeks of swimming training for 60min/5days a week. After 48 hours of the last exercise bout, animals were euthanized and both gastrocnemius muscles were isolated. A significant increase in fission was evidenced by changes in phosphorylation of Drp1 and AMPK. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria showed a more organized network in comparison with the sedentary group while there was no change in the intermyofibrillar region. An increase in fission regulated by AMPK might be segregating damaged mitochondria and enhancing its removal while activating mitochondrial biogenesis to ensure restoration of mitochondrial mass by generating a healthier population in the subsarcolemmal region.
- Identification and Association of Fatty Acid Profile and Inflammation in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020) Navarro Guerra, Mariana; ELIZONDO MONTEMAYOR, LUZ LETICIA; 253956; CARVAJAL AGUILERA, KARLA GUADALUPE; 20316; GONZALEZ CASTILLO, ELENA CRISTINA; 167407; HERNANDEZ BRENES, CARMEN; 26334; Elizondo Montemayor, Luz Leticia; RR; García Rivas, Gerardo Jesús; Carvajal Aguilera, Karla Guadalupe; González Castillo, Elena Cristina; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Hernández Brenes, CarmenPlasma fatty acid composition reflects dietary intake, as well as endogenous metabolism of fatty acids, which may be impaired in metabolic diseases. In adults, analysis of plasma fatty acids and their metabolism have been used to characterize their role in inflammation and obesity-related diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), however evidence in the pediatric population is scarce. To the best of knowledge, there are no studies in T2DM pediatric patients focused on the quantification of fatty acid profiles and their potential relationship with inflammation markers. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the plasma fatty acid composition and inflammatory markers in pediatric Mexican patients with T2DM, Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and healthy controls (HC). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were determined. Plasma fatty acid profiles were quantified by gas chromatography and plasma cytokines by flow-cytometry. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to establish differences and relationships between response variables investigated in the clinical groups. Patients with T2DM and MetS had distinct fatty acid profiles despite similarities between anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Higher proportions of C8:0 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), lower n-3 PUFA and estimated delta-5-desaturase (D5D) activity could place MetS patients at higher risk of developing T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Despite having higher proportions of anti-inflammatory n-3 PUFAs, patients with T2DM had a pro-inflammatory profile characterized by higher proportions of C16:0 and elevated chemokines MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-18 concentrations. Higher percent contributions of odd chain saturated fatty acid (OCSFA) C17:0 were observed in plasma of patients with MetS and T2DM; its metabolic significance requires further research but a possible protective role in the reduction of inflammation seems to be supported by prior literature. Plasma monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 18:1 n-9 and 16:1 n-7 appear to have a dual role in inflammation depending on the obese state. Characterization of the fatty acid profiles of a pediatric population with MetS and T2DM generated new knowledge of specific compounds such as C8:0 and C17:0, which may play a role in progression of obesity induced IR and inflammation to T2DM.
- Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus in Mexican pediatric subjects(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) Carrizales-Sánchez, Ana Karen; CARRIZALES SANCHEZ, ANA KAREN; 875797; Senés-Guerrero, Carolina; tolmquevedo, emipsanchez; Elizondo-Montemayor, Luz Leticia; García-Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; Hernández-Brenes, CarmenNearly a decade ago, transfer of gut microbiota in mice models revealed the possibility that gut microbial dysbiosis may be involved in the onset of cardiometabolic abnormalities characteristic of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a medical condition that has been correlated with the progression of relevant and irreversible maladies such as cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which have shown to be major public health concerns in a worldwide level. Conventional techniques have demonstrated to be insufficient to study the taxonomical composition and completely understand the functional potential of these microscopic communities, which may help to elucidate gut microbiome – host interactions possibly related with human’s health. Moreover, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has opened up the opportunity to know more about these interactions. Nowadays, gut microbiota in adults has been widely studied compared to that in children. Due to this, shotgun metagenomics was used in the present work to study the taxonomy and functional potential of gut microbiota in Mexican pediatric subjects with MetS and T2DM. As relevant findings, taxonomic studies showed a significant increase in facultative anaerobes (mainly belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family and lactic acid bacteria) and a decreased abundance of strict obligate anaerobes (nitrite-producers belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum and butyrate-producers belonging to the Erysipelatoclostridium genera) within the MetS and T2DM study groups compared with the healthy individuals. Interestingly, some viral communities also showed to be strongly correlated positively (Jiaodavirus genus and Inoviridae family) and negatively (Retroviridae and Rudiviridae families) with proinflammatory activity, being one of the first studies revealing possible significance of gut virome in school-age children with these metabolic conditions. Moreover, functional potential analysis showed a significant increase in gut microbial nitrogen metabolism within the MetS and T2DM study groups compared with the healthy individuals and specific genes related with aerobic respiration, denitrification pathway, and production of pathogen-associated molecular patterns were also overrepresented in these studied groups, opening up the possibility to be one step ahead in revealing possible associations between gut microbiome and metabolic disparities related with MetS. As future perspectives, studying children will improve our understanding regarding gut microbial – host interactions, helping to develop effective microbiome-based interventions that may complement existing medical treatments to delay or impede the onset of metabolic disorders since early stages of life.