Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Coffee pulp polysaccharides with potential immunomodulatory activity(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-07-10) García Campuzano, Jacqueline; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; puemcuervo; Luna Vital, Diego Armando; Aguilar Jiménez, Oscar Alejandro; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyCoffee is one of the most valuable primary products in world trade and its agricultural production and consumption are part of Mexican culture. Coffee pulp is the first byproduct obtained during the wet processing of coffee. This waste is rich in macronutrients and contains considerable amounts of tannins, total pectic substances, sugars, caffeine, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. These components have multiple beneficial health properties. This has led to the generation of a line of research for the study of biologically active ingredients such as specific polysaccharides that may present immunostimulatory activity for the treatment of diseases. The following project assessed the immunomodulatory potential of different pectin extracts from coffee pulp. The extraction of polysaccharides that may have an immunomodulatory activity was the main objective of this investigation along with the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds present in the extracts. The interactions between the polysaccharides and phenolic compounds present in the extracts are key for understanding their dual immunomodulatory effect. This could contribute to the treatment and prevention of immunodeficiency diseases. This project was structured in three main stages: extraction of pectin from coffee pulp, separation and quantification of phenolic compounds in the extracts and evaluation of the immunomodulatory potential of the polysaccharides. Dry coffee pulp samples were collected from Tezonapa, Veracruz. Pectin extractions were carried out with different experimental factors, such as the type of solvent (water and acidified water to pH 4 using citric acid at a 1% concentration), pulp: solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:20), agitation (with and without agitation), temperature (90 °C and 70 °C) and washing method (dialysis and ethanol washes). The content of total phenolic compounds, caffeine and caffeic acid of the extracted pectin samples was also evaluated. Finally, cytotoxicity assays in mouse machrophages cell line (RAW264.7) were performed to evaluate the growth induction of the different extracts. LPSinduced inflammatory response of this cell line was also evaluated.
- Immunomodulatory effect of a nutraceutical mixture in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-05-28) Gastélum Estrada, Alejandro; Serna Saldívar, Sergio Román Othón; puelquio; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Canales Aguirre, Alejandro ArturoCOVID-19 has impacted global community since its appearance in December 2019, with consequences in health, economic, employment, among many others that have created scenarios known as “new normality”. Along pharmacological measures, preventive ones have also been proposed including the change of diet patterns, increasing physical activities and others. In this work, nutraceuticals are explored for assessing their potential as COVID-19 preventers that could extrapolate to other new diseases or pandemics. Specifically, a nutraceutical mixture was tested in C57BL/6J mice, which is a model for obesity and metabolic syndrome, to evaluate immunomodulation potential by measuring the effect on blood indicators and immune biomarkers. Nutraceuticals evaluated include vitamins (C, D and E), minerals (selenium and zinc) and other ingredients as coenzyme Q10, microencapsulated probiotics, broccoli sprout powder and black bean coat flour as sources of sulforaphane and flavonoids, respectively. All of them have been widely studied and attributed with immunomodulatory properties, each one of them are explained and detailed in the second chapter. Results of blood indicators show a low effect on blood cells concentration and lipid profile, with no consistent differences between male and female individuals. No significant effect was determined in coagulation time. Some of the observed changes such as increase of erythrocytes and leukocyte in males of the supplemented group may suggest a heterogeneous effect between male and female mice, but more studies would be needed. While no significant effects were observed in lymphocyte-T analysis, the most relevant result was obtained in IL-1 evaluation, which level significantly increased in the obese-no supplemented group in comparison with the healthy group, but the increase was countered and even got to lower levels compared to healthy mice when the nutraceutical supplement was included in the diet. This result may suggest a higher effect of the nutraceuticals in inflammation processes rather than in blood cell levels.