Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Synthesis and application of hydrogels with microalgae-bacteria for nutrient and PFDA removal from wastewater(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-11-28) Morán Valencia, Marien; Cervantes Avilés, Pabel Antonio; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Cárdenas Chávez, Diana Linda; Cuevas Rodríguez, Germán; Mata Gómez, Marco Arnulfo; Huerta Aguilar, Carlos Alberto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de MéxicoThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of hydrogels with a consortium of microalgae bacteria and activated carbon (AC) as function of nutrient removal in wastewater containing PFDA. Hydrogels were synthetized from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and included biomass (microalgae-nitrifying bacteria), AC or both exposed to different aqueous conditions, namely raw wastewater, synthetic wastewater (SWW) with and without PFDA and PFDA solution. The performance of hydrogels was evaluated based on the change in ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) concentrations, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrification rate and other parameters during 72 h. Ammonium removal was possible by all hydrogels. The nitrification process was carried out by all hydrogels. Activated carbon was found to be effective as a nutrient adsorption medium in the presence of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA). Regarding COD, this increased in all hydrogels could be due to the leaching the components of hydrogel. The best performance was observed for the hydrogel with 5 % of biomass without AC with a nitrification rate of 0.43 mg N/g TSS·h. Hydrogel with AC (HC) was the most effective for removing PFDA (38.5%) and the hydrogel that presented that highest resistance to PFDA during nutrient removal. HBC was the most efficient hydrogel for removing nutrients in presence of PFDA. Results indicated that the presence of PFDA did affect the processes of nutrient elimination in hydrogels with biomass due to the toxicity of the emerging pollutant.
- Dual bio-printing system for cell deposition of hydrogels using a piston-based controlled nozzle(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Castillo Madrigal, Victor; Chairez Oria, Jorge Isaac; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; García González, Alejandro; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Guadalajara; Perfecto, YocanxóchitlIn recent years, cell culture has increasingly utilized various 3D scaffolds and hydrogels to promote advanced additive manufacturing within cell culture. Additionally, various types of cell lines have been employed, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts being among the most commonly used. The aim of this project is to design an automated dual bioprinting system for cell culture. This system will deposit both hydrogels and cells sequentially, creating a foundation for biological tissue.Therefore, reducing the probability of cell culture contamination and decreasing human interaction. To achieve the goal, the project was first designed following specific criteria specifications. This was facilitated by previous cell culture training, which helped in better understanding the necessities of the project.After that, the next step involved simulating the device using CAD software (Solidworks) to create a 3D representation of the system's prototype. This prototype consists of three linear actuators (X-Y-Z axis) and two extruders for each deposited material.Then, the fully virtual device is exported to Matlab Simulink in order to simulate a control process with a PD controller in each actuator and extruder using a sine signal as a reference. Finally the crafting of the prototype was achieved operating tools from the metal crafting laboratory, and experimental processes were started. The study evaluated the feasibility of developing a 3D bioprinting machine. The experiment proved that it is possible to replicate the behavior from the simulated space into a real experiment, using a dual bioprinting system for depositing cells with controlled processes. The error from the control process was below 1% in the virtual enviroment meanwhile in reality the error mantain around 3%. As future work is still to validate the system performing biotic tests with a hydrogel made of alginate and as crosslinker calcium chloride. This system can be further applied in automatized cell culture system, bioprinting on no linear surfaces or even as part of a bioreactor system.
- Optimization of nanocomposite hydrogels for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-11-24) Villalba Rodríguez, Angel Manuel; Iqbal, Hafiz Muhammad Nasir; RR/tolmquevedo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Parra-Saldívar, RobertoIn the present, diabetic foot ulcers are a very common pathology all around the world, and most products in the market offer to solve a specific need for the patient such as battling infection or allowing wound debridement. In such regard biomaterial-based nano cues with multi-functional characteristics have been engineered with high interests around the globe. The ease in fine tunability with maintained compliance makes an array of nanocomposite biomaterials outstanding candidates for the biomedical sector of the modern world. In this context, the present work intends to tackle the necessity of alternatives for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers through the formulation of nanoclay/polymer-based nanocomposite hydrogels. Laponite RD, a synthetic 2-Dimensional nanoclay that becomes inert when in physiological environment, while mixed with water, becomes a clear gel with interesting shear-thinning properties. Optimization of the hydrogel formulation is approached by preparing the samples at several concentration ratios (Nanoclay-Chitosan and Nanoclay-Gelatin; 35-95% of nanoclay in steps of 15%), where the mechanical properties such as viscosity, shear-thinning and injectability are observed to change. Zero shear viscosity of the samples was calculated by the Cross Model Equation, and was observed to increase for the chitosan samples as the nanoclay ratio increased (3.41x103 - 6.44x104 Pa⋅s at 35-65% of nanoclay, respectively) and then decreasing after that concentration of nanoclay. Gelatin had the opposite behavior, while both formulations having a zero shear viscosity of ~3.5x104 Pa⋅s at 95% of nanoclay. Injection force values of the samples in 3 mL plastic syringes with 20G needles, ranged between 1 and 4 N in average, approximately. Adding Laponite RD to chitosan or gelatin, allows for the modification of mechanical properties of such materials. The setup explored in this research allows for a promising polymeric matrix that can potentially be loaded with active compounds for antibacterial support in foot ulcers, as well as enzymes for wound debridement.