Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- PVA /alginate/AgNPs/curcumin electrospun nanofibers-based nonwoven mat as wound dressing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-13) Rodríguez Lee, Fernando Arturo; García López, Erika; emipsanchez; Rodríguez González, Ciro Ángel; Tejeda Alejandre, Raquel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa VirginiaWound healing requires advanced solutions that can support tissue regeneration, reduce inflammation, and prevent infections. This thesis presents the development of an electrospun wound dressing made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), alginate, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and curcumin. The objective was to create a multifunctional dressing capable of improving healing in burn wounds by combining the mechanical stability of PVA, the moisture retention of alginate, and the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of AgNPs and curcumin. Rheological tests were performed to identify critical polymer concentrations and determine the influence of molecular weight on fiber morphology. Electrospinning conditions were optimized to obtain bead-free nanofibers with diameters ranging from 200 to 600 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence and distribution of active agents in the fibers. Biological evaluation using fibroblast 3T3 cells under direct contact conditions demonstrated good cell compatibility, especially in the first three days. It is important to highlight that by day seven, the culture medium was not replaced, yet cells still showed metabolic activity despite the reduced nutrients and suboptimal pH. This result suggests that the material provides a suitable environment that supports cell viability over time. The results show that this electrospun dressing has potential for use in burn wound healing applications.
- Fabrication of Chitosan-Alginate Core-Shell Mircogels Incorporated with luminescent Cabron Dots for Biomedical Applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06) Macias Frotto, Elioth Daniel; Ray, Mallar; emimmayorquin; Verduzco, Lidia Elizabeth; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Masoud, MadadelahiBiopolymer microgels present many opportunities in biomedicine and tissue engineering. Among diverse types of microgels, core-shell microgels are of special significance since they may be designed to have a solid core surrounded by liquid-like shell or vice-versa and can be made responsive to external stimuli. Under suitable stimulus (e.g. pH or temperature of a solution containing the microgels) the outer shell may be diluted, thereby releasing the core’s material. Such strategies provide promising possibilities for controlled drug delivery and other biological applications. Additionally, nanoparticles having different functionalities can be embedded in these microgels to enhance or tune their overall properties, thereby making them amenable for variety of applications. In this investigation we develop a novel method to produce chitosan-sodium alginate (CS-SA) core-shell microgels in a single step process using a specially designed high throughput centrifugal microfluidic device (HTCMD). We subsequently incorporated nitrogen functionalized graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) in the core-shell microgels which render them luminescent under UV excitation and are expected to enhance the physical and biological characteristics of the hydrogel microspheres. Initial part of this study was focused on designing and fabricating a microfluidic device that could generate core-shell microgels with controllable geometry and sizes. After several attempts with planar structures we converged on a 3D printed multichannel cylindrical HTCMD that could produce core-shell structures with desired control over size and shape. An analysis of the of microgels generated using the specially designed HTCMD was carried out in order to develop an understanding of the ways in which characteristics of the device such as the diameter of the nozzle and the rotating velocity influence the size, shape, and homogeneity of the generated microparticles. Using a nozzle diameter of 310 µm we could obtain core-shell microspheres having an average diameter of 444 µm at 2500 rpm. On the other hand, a variation of angular velocity between 900 to 2500 rpm allowed us to generate microspheres with average diameters varying between 1500 to 400 µm depending on the nozzle diameter. Following successful fabrication of the HTCMD and controlled generation of spherical core-shell microgels, we investigated the structural, compositional and optical properties of the microgels using a variety of techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the as-prepared core-shell microgels for different concentrations of CS and SA and for the NGQD incorporated microgels revealed that the overall bonding architecture is strongly dependent on the concentrations of CS and SA and is marginally affected by the presence of NGQDs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of NGQD, CS-SA core-shell microgels and the NGQD incorporated CS-SA particles reveal signatures of crystallinity in all the three samples although sharp crystalline features are not present in any of the samples. In case of NGQD this is attributed to the nanometric size of the crystalline domains while in CS and SA samples the presence of amorphous constituents dominate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) alongside brightfield microscopy showed the formation of distinct core-shell interface between CS and SA core-shell structure. UV-vis absorption spectra of all the samples exhibit standard absorption characteristics suggesting the formation of structures with desired electronic transitions. The NGQDs demonstrate excellent room temperature photoluminescence (PL) emission with a PL peak at 444 nm for an excitation of 350 nm. The CS SA core-shell particles exhibit a very weak room temperature PL but following NGQD incorporation their emission is completely defined by the characteristics of the NGQDs. The size and shape controlled, luminescent hydrogel core-shell microspheres have immense potential applications in the fields of drug delivery and tissue engineering. This work proposes a simplified method for the synthesis of microgels by utilizing the pH-dependent sol-gel transition qualities of chitosan, the ionic crosslinking capabilities of alginate. The simplicity of the centrifugal microfluidic platform utilized in the research make it possible to exert exact control over the architecture of the microgel, which in turn promotes a synthesis process that is both easy and extremely effective.
- Fabrication and characterization of microalgae extract loaded chitosan/alginate-based nanoparticles with ultraviolet protection features(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-12-06) Santiesteban Romero, Berenice; Iqbal, Hafiz Muhammad Nasir; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Martínez Ruiz, Manuel; Coronado Apodaca, Karina Guadalupe; Gámez Méndez, Ana María; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Sosa Hernández, Juan EduardoMicroalgae are constantly exposed to ultraviolet rays because they are usually found in areas with high sunlight exposure. Several studies have addressed the harmful impact of increased ultraviolet radiation on various microalgae. However, some microalgae have a great ability to overcome or counteract different stresses such as intense solar ultraviolet radiation, this has been happening over the years and with the evolution of microalgae, some examples of defense and/or tolerance mechanisms are DNA repair, synthesis of antioxidants, and enzymatic/non-enzymatic compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin to counteract the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. This characteristic has not only been investigated to learn more about microalgae, but also for applications such as product creation, since they grow rapidly and are considered the most promising and sustainable sources of biomass. Due to their performance under optimal conditions, they have been widely studied for different bioproducts. Which is why microalgae extracts, by showing resistance to both types of rays, show great potential as sunscreens and this gives a very strong advantage to future bioproducts. This study deals with the application of microalgae extracts for the creation of polymeric nanoparticles based on chitosan and alginate. The synthesis of nanoparticles with a size of 500 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.1 was successfully achieved, indicating the uniformity of these nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques were used for the analysis of these nanoparticles, including UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). All these techniques allow us to see different aspects of the nanoparticles confirming their structure, uniformity, and composition for further effective utilization.
- Drug delivery dynamics of biopolymer-protein based nanostructures cues via experimental approach and mathematical modeling(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-07) Ibarra Sánchez, Luis Ángel; IQBAL, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD NASIR; 735340; Nasir Iqbal, Hafiz Muhammad; emipsanchez; Parra Saldívar, Roberto; Melchor Martínez, Elda Madai; Gámez Méndez, Ana María; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Sosa Hernández, Juan EduardoRespiratory diseases are leading the burden in public health, usually found in the top chart of leading causes of death for many countries. Moreover, COVID-19 has aggravated this situation, having numerous patients with mild to severe symptoms. Besides, lung tissue inflammation and mucus overproduction are critical factors in patients’ comorbidity, not only for COVID-19 but also in other pulmonary diseases. In this project, the aim was to integrate the natural therapeutics curcumin (with a studied anti-inflammatory effect) and papain (a proteolytic enzyme used for mucus degradation) into a drug delivery nanostructure to administer intranasally. To reach this goal, curcumin was encapsulated in alginate particles with the emulsion-gelation method, obtaining an encapsulation efficiency of 81.23%. Also, curcumin particles showed a mean size of 500.8 nm, and a surface charge of -23.5 mV. Nonetheless, more studies are required to fully understand the emulsion system to obtain smaller and less disperse particles. Also, bioavailability and efficacy test are required to confirm feasibility of the project. In summary, nanoencapsulation in alginate via emulsion-gelation method has shown promising results for enhancing the curcumin solubility, bioavailability, and stability, to develop more efficient pulmonary treatments against inflammation.
- Removal of methylene blue from water by adsorption using alginate as activated carbon immobilization agent(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-05-24) Torres Bautista, Crhys Lorena Amelia; Álvarez Guerra, Alejandro Juan; tolmquevedo, emimayorquin; Mancilla Méndez, Yasmany; Santibañez Aguilar, José Ezequiel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyActivated carbon (AC) is an adsorbent widely used in water treatment, however, it has some technical disadvantages, such as its high cost and difficulty to recover. To overcome these drawbacks, AC particles have been encapsulated within a polymeric support, mainly alginate-based. The use of these biological macromolecules results in composites with lower-cost, superior mechanical properties, and higher number of functional groups, advantages that have been attracted the attention of the scientific community. Four adsorbents, activated carbon (AC), alginate (AL), activated carbon/ alginate (AC/AL) and activated carbon, alginate, and bentonite (AC/AL/Bt) were proposed in this work to remove Methylene Blue (MB). The process parameters such as adsorbent diameter, column height, column diameter, mass composition and initial concentration of MB are investigated based on the dynamic simulation results using Aspen Adsorption V11 simulation software. The relationship between the five process parameters and saturation time were studied. Based on the optimized simulation results, AC/AL/Bt obtained the highest saturation time (63020 s) in a Fixed-bed column to treat water contaminated with 25 mg/L methylene blue concentration. Additionally, the suitable process parameters magnitudes are adsorbent particle, column height, column diameter, and mass composition of 1 mm, 2 m, 0.05 m, and 30% AC/ 15% AL/ 55% Bt, respectively. The outcomes of this study suggest the potential of AC/AL/Bt composite for cationic dye removal.
- Valorization of pelagic Sargassum as a source of alginate and sugars for subsequent biofuel production(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-11-01) Amador Castro, Luis Fernando; Carrillo Nieves, Danay; puemcuervo; García Cayuela, Tomás; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Rodríguez Martínez, VerónicaOver the last decade, massive tides of Sargassum, a genus of brown algae, have arrived at Caribbean shores deriving in a myriad of environmental and economic problems. Aiming to lessen the impacts, governments from the affected countries have opted to remove the seaweed from marine ecosystems. However, its collection is expensive, posing another economic challenge for the already affected countries. Biomass valorization has been proposed as a suitable alternative to funding cleaning activities, triggering numerous investigations in recent years. Albeit different pathways have been suggested, Sargassum biomass has failed to find effective uses in the industry. This study aims to maximize the value of Sargassum as a potential raw material into a biorefinery scheme to produce alginate and sugars, considering this last product for subsequent biofuels production. Findings indicate that alginate extraction and sugar production can be effectively coupled within the same valorization scheme and that their integration also results in sugar maximization after biological pretreatment. The alginate extraction and purification process resulted in high polymer yields (38.75% ± 0.93 dry weight). The final product was found to be free of toxic elements opening the doors for its application in different fields. Lastly, Sargassum sugars extracts did not inhibit the growth of Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, suggesting that they can be subsequently converted into biofuels.
- Electrohydrodynamic encapsulation of probiotics in heat-resistant mMicrocapsules for applications in the food industry(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06) Toro Galárraga, David Alejandro; OLVERA TREJO, DANIEL; 269684; Olvera Trejo, Daniel; RR; Soría Hernández, Cintya Geovanna; Elías Zúñiga, Alex; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Martinez Romero, OscarProbiotics are an important part of functional foods and are defined as living microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host. Viable probiotics are, however, significantly destroyed during food thermal processing and in the stomach due to harsh digestive conditions. The challenge is to improve the survival of probiotic cells during manufacture, storage, and the passage through the gastrointestinal tract of the host in order to exert their health benefits. Various microencapsulation techniques have been used to protect probiotics against harsh conditions, however, these processes have low encapsulation efficiency, low yield and high energy consumption. On the other hand, electrospray microencapsulation can be used to produce capsules ranging from the micro to the sub-micron sizes, works at room temperature and has high encapsulation efficiency with narrow particle size distribution. The objective of this project was to create heat-resistant microcapsules (HRM) via electrospraying. To accomplish this, core and shell solutions were synthesized to perform encapsulation with metallic and 3D printed electrospray sources to increase the production rate. HRMs of 394.7±44.50 μm in diameter were obtained while physicochemical characterization shows a combination of parameters of both biopolymers, which is attributed to the formation of bonds between alginate and zein in the esterification process. The thermogravimetric analysis also shows an improvement in thermal properties, reducing weight loss due to material degradation at 250 ºC from 40% to 19%. This technology is a promising technology for probiotics encapsulation and fortification of foods thermally processed.