Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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An optimization approach for allocating cultural manifestations and spaces to increase cultural participation and improve social welfare in marginalized populations in Mexico
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-06-17) Arakanchi Weil, Eitan; ESPINOZA GARCIA, JUAN CARLOS; 251244; Espinoza García, Juan Carlos; puelquio/mscuervo; Murrieta Cortés, Beatriz; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Regis Hernández, Fabiola
The unequal distribution of cultural offers and infrastructure is a current problem in Mexico, where marginalized populations are the most disadvantaged. Alternatively, there is a severe social lag in many Mexican municipalities matching the unequal distributions of these resources. We analyze the interactions between social lag, population, cultural offer, cultural infrastructure, cultural budget, and cultural participation of the Mexican municipalities seeking to explain the social lag variability with a linear statistical model. Then, structural modeling using Interpretive Structural Modeling methodology was applied to explain the structural and dependence relationships between the factors seeking to explain cultural participation. The results from the structural modeling were used to define the structure of the factors in a dynamic model formulation, but more importantly, to define the criteria for a choice model formulation seeking to simulate the intention of locality populations to attend specific Spaces for Cultural Manifestations (SCM) or specific Cultural Manifestations (CM). Then, maximal covering and p-median location-allocation optimization models were proposed to maximize cultural participation and reduce the average distance to cultural manifestations in municipalities that contribute to the goals of the Official Newspapers of the Federation. These proposals consider both the preferences of people in localities, the compatibility between the SCM and CM, and budget and capacity constraints. Finally, the System Dynamic model was proposed to correctly explain social welfare and cultural participation variability given a failed approximation using a linear model. The model analysis could be very useful in the design and implementation of future public policies in the cultural sector and since previous studies have demonstrated the acute relationship between cultural consumption and social welfare, this research seeks to increase cultural participation in marginalized municipalities to generate more social welfare and quantify this phenomenon. Likewise, the motivation for this work is to properly manage the cultural resources in Mexico and other countries and positively influence the cultural and social public policies. The results first suggest that a linear statistical model is unable to explain social lag variability in terms of the proposed variables. Also, a structural proposal of the factors explaining cultural participation is made, being valuable information for the optimization and System Dynamics model. Then, applying a restriction guarantying specific minimum cultural participation in localities suggests that 13% minimum cultural participation leads to the best results in terms of the distribution of cultural resources, maximizing cultural participation and guarantying equity in cultural participation among localities. The scenario analysis in the maximal covering approach proposes that a distance-based scenario proposes a better distribution of resources but guaranties less cultural participation than the other scenarios. Alternatively, the scenario analysis with the p-median approach proposes that distance guided criterion generates the worst solutions of the model and increases the average distance to cultural manifestations. Finally, a dynamic model proposal of the cultural and social sector is made considers demographic aspects, cultural budget and infrastructure, and cultural participation and social welfare seeking to quantify the impact of the location-allocation proposal on the cultural participation and the impact of a cultural participation increase in the social welfare of municipalities. The results of this work lay the foundations for improving the cultural and social sector in Mexico, but more importantly, propose a generic model to be implemented in any territorial and political context.
A two-phase optimization model that considers risk and accessibility for vaccine allocation and health-care units location
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-12-03) Martínez Fantini, Linda Sofía; REGIS HERNANDEZ, FABIOLA; 331834; Regis Hernández, Fabiola; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Mora Ochomogo, Elma Irais; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Mora Vargas, Jaime
In December 2019, the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 appeared causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare systems globally were primary affected by it due to the increase on medical attention and Intensive Care Units (ICUs) demand. Particularly, Mexico belonged among the top 10 coun- tries with the highest number of confirmed cases, and within the top 5 in global deaths. These indicators required federal authorities to mount complex response actions to eradicate it. One of the concerns to deal with hospitals overload is an effective vaccination plan. For this, we propose a two-phase model to prioritize the Mexican entities with higher levels of vulnerability and risk of hospitalization to address the demand allocation problem in an equitable way. The vulnerability index is obtained through data analysis of a Mexican open database, and the model considers a two-dose vaccination program, and a monthly time horizon. The second phase con- sists of a Maximal Covering Location problem that maximizes a set of accessibility indicators to locate the facilities to cover the maximum Mexican population possible. The models are solved in Gurobi Optimizer commercial software and provides the optimal solution within seconds. The results obtained in the allocation model showed that the first vaccine lots are assigned to Ciudad de Me ́xico which is the entity with highest risk of exposure, and, by August 2021 at least 71% of the population is immunized with vaccine. The second model exposes that when enabling 100% of the available facilities, only 57% of the municipalities has access to vaccination. Moreover a sensitivity analysis is employed to evaluate the effect of the radii and the weights in the solution. For future work, we propose the implementation of mobile units to enhance the accessibility. This way providing an effective and equitable solution for Mexico.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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