Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol: structural characterization and assessment of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-02) Torres Copado, Andrea; Paul, Sujay; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Arvizu Espinosa, María Goretti; Sahare, Padmavati; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Estévez González, Miriam RocíoThe global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is closely associated with persistent oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Natural polyphenols such as quercetin and resveratrol possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, their therapeutic potential is severely hindered by low aqueous solubility, poor chemical stability, and rapid metabolic degradation. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems offer a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability and functional performance of these bioactive compounds. Accordingly, this work aimed to co-encapsulate quercetin and resveratrol into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), thoroughly characterize the resulting nanocarrier system, and assess its biological properties in vitro. MSNs were synthesized through a modified Stöber method, yielding uniform, spherical, amorphous nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of ~126 nm, a high specific surface area (200.3 m²/g), a pore volume of 0.445 cm³/g, and a mean pore diameter of 5.4 nm. Co-loading was achieved using a solvent evaporation method, resulting in high encapsulation efficiencies (79.9% for quercetin and 71.4% for resveratrol). Physicochemical characterization (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DLS, Zeta Potential) confirmed successful drug incorporation, partial amorphization of the polyphenols, enhanced thermal stability, and a sustained release profile extending to 75 hours. The QUE-RES-SiO₂ formulation demonstrated significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity in DPPH, CUPRAC, and ABTS assays, surpassing free resveratrol. Strong anti-inflammatory capacity was also observed in a heat-induced protein denaturation model, with up to 75% inhibition, comparable to free quercetin and the reference drug diclofenac. In ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells, the formulation exhibited efficient nanoparticle uptake; however, it did not induce cytotoxicity or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within 24 hours, likely due to slow-release kinetics, intrinsic chemoresistance of the cell line, and low concentrations tested over a limited time. Overall, these results demonstrate that MSNs constitute an effective platform for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol, enhancing their stability and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential while overcoming key physicochemical limitations. Although anticancer effects were not observed under the tested conditions, this study establishes a robust foundation for future optimization of release kinetics, dosing strategies, and targeting mechanisms to exploit the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in oxidative stress- and inflammation-driven chronic diseases.
- Evaluation of the bioactive properties of peptides obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) cotyledon flour proteins(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024) Sanchez Jimenez, Omar; Mata Gomez, Marco Arnulfo; Ramirez Jimenez, Aurea Karina; Cervantes Avilés, Pabel Antonio; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Luna Vital, Diego ArmandoFor several decades, Mexico has faced a series of health problems that reduce the quality of life of its inhabitants. Diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, respiratory infections, and cancer are responsible for the primary mortality rates in the country and require immediate attention. Fortunately, Mexico also has privileged plant biodiversity, with a cultural meaning firmly rooted in Mexican society reflected in its traditions, customs, gastronomy, and increasingly frequent in the research of molecules with bioactive properties. In this sense, it is especially relevant to study those species with inherent value to the communities where they are endemic but that have remained outside of scientific scrutiny as potential sources of molecules that help solve current health challenges. The species Prosopis laevigata, commonly known as mesquite, is a clear example of a plant with economic, medicinal, and nutritional importance, but that has been little studied, which is why it represents an area of opportunity in contributing to the literature. Bioactive peptides have been positioned as attractive study molecules due to a series of properties, including potent biological activity, relative safety compared to other small molecules, diversity of target molecules, and ease of production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioactive peptides derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of the proteins present in the seed of Prosopis laevigata in order to determine their antioxidant potential, as well as their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and enzymatic inhibitory capacity. The peptides presented SC50 values of 81 and 89 µg/mL for the fractions smaller and larger than 5 kDa, respectively, demonstrating strong antioxidant capacity in the ABTS assay. Similarly, a reducing power of 0.250 and 0.156 was obtained in the FRAP test, reaching similar conclusions. The cell viability assay against the HepG2 cell line showed a cytotoxic effect at high concentrations of the peptides (8 mg/mL). On the other hand, the antimicrobial assay demonstrated an inhibition in the growth of S. aureus but was inefficient in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, suggesting a selective inhibition mechanism. Finally, it was demonstrated that the peptides have the ability to inhibit the activity of α-amylase. In addition, it was evident that the type of inhibition depends on the fraction used as an inhibitor, resulting in a competitive type of inhibition for those peptides with a size less than 5 kDa and mixed for peptides greater than 5 kDa. Altogether, the results revealed the great potential of P. laevigata peptides as bioactive molecules and justified the importance of continuing to study them to implement them in a functional product in response to the prevention or treatment of health challenges in Mexico.
- Investigating the bioactive properties of spearmint, orange peel, and salvia microphylla oleoresins extracted via supercritical CO2: anti-obesogenic, antioxidant, anti-Inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects and their integration into dark chocolate(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Chávez Delgado, Emily Lorena; Jacobo Velázquez, Daniel Alberto; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Hernández Brenes, Carmen; Pérez Carrillo, Esther; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyOleoresins, with their potential health benefits, hold promise as functional ingredients, but there is scarce scientific information on their bioactivities and applications. This thesis focused on characterizing and assessing the anti-obesogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties of spearmint (SP-O), orange peel (OP-O), and Salvia microphylla (SM-O) oleoresins extracted using supercritical CO2. These oleoresins were subsequently incorporated into dark chocolate, and their impact on physicochemical and sensory properties was evaluated. Dehydrated leaves of SP and SM, and OP were ground and subjected to supercritical CO2 extraction (2,200 psi, 8 hrs, 40°C). The extracts were characterized for carotenoid and phenolic compound composition through liquid chromatography and volatile compounds using gas chromatography. Emulsions (SP-E, SM-E, OP-E) were prepared using Tween 80 (3:1; v/v) to homogenize both fractions (oleoresin and aromatic water) present in the crude extract, and their anti-obesogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties were evaluated in vitro with 3T3-L1, Caco-2, Raw 265.7, and SH-SY5Y cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, dark chocolate was added with these oleoresin emulsions, and their impact on water activity, color, texture, rheology, and sensory properties were assessed. The results indicated that these oleoresins are rich sources of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and volatile compounds. SP-O was abundant in vanillin, all-trans-β-carotene, and linolenic acid. In the case of OP-O, the major compounds identified were t-cinnamic acid, all-trans-β-carotene, and D-limonene. Moreover, SM-O was rich in podophyllotoxin, all-trans-β-carotene and pulegone. In vitro studies suggested that SP-E, OP-E, and SM-E exhibited the ability to inhibit both reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 80%, 51%, 37%, respectively and nitric oxide (NO) production by 48%, 43%, 48%, respectively. Only OP-E displayed neuroprotective effects. Both SM-E and OP-E inhibited lipid accumulation by 30% and 25%, respectively. When fortified with these emulsions, the chocolate formulations exhibited softer texture, lower water activity, and a solid-like behavior. Notably, the OP-E formulation received the highest sensory preference. In summary, these oleoresins hold potential as nutraceutical agents for mitigating the development of metabolic syndrome and its associated pathologies, given their demonstrated anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective attributes. Furthermore, incorporating these emulsified oleoresins into chocolate matrices presents a viable strategy for the formulation of functional foods; nevertheless, further research is needed to elucidate both preventive and therapeutic efficacy within these fortified chocolates.