Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Determination of the feasibility of using flax fiber reinforced with shear thickening fluid for ballistic applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-03) Menchaca Briones, David; Guevara Morales, Andrea; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Gómez Vargas, Oscar Armando; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Figueroa López, UlisesSoft body armor has been part of human attire since the Stone Age, providing confidence and security to humans as they developed their activities. This gear has evolved through the centuries, incorporating new technologies that have reduced its weight while increasing its protection level. Nowadays, it can protect against threats from handguns and firearms, such as 9 mm and .44 MAG cartridges. Over the last decade, the development of materials to enhance the performance of body armor has focused on incorporating shear-thickening fluids. Their rheology enables them to behave like a solid under stress and revert to their initial state when the stress is removed. These characteristics, along with their excellent adherence to natural fibers, have motivated this study. This study aims to determine the feasibility of applying flax fiber reinforced with shear thickening fluid for developing ballistic panels with enough resistance to support handgun threats. The response in terms of maximum supported force and elongation of plain flax fiber when reinforced with different commonly used shear thickening fluids was studied through tensile testing. Additionally, the fracture mechanism was observed using scanning electron microscopy, revealing different behaviors depending on the amount and composition of STF. Then, after identifying the best STF for impregnating flax fiber and subjecting it to ballistic impacts, panels made of four layers of both neat and reinforced fabric were tested to compare their energy dissipation capacity. The results showed positive outcomes in terms of energy absorbed per layer; however, this increase in energy absorption capacity came with a significant weight increase, reducing the specific energy absorption per layer, which is not ideal for ballistic applications. Finally, various panels with increasing layers—starting with four and growing by four until reaching 24 layers—were subjected to ballistic impacts. During these tests, the energy dissipated by each panel was measured, allowing the development of a function that predicts roughly 68 layers are needed to stop a 9 mm full-metal-jacket threat. Since this number exceeds practical limits for soft body armor, it was concluded that although shear thickening fluid enhances impact resistance per layer of flax fiber panels, this improvement is insufficient to reach handgun protection levels, because the added weight from reinforcement limits practicality.
- Development and evaluation of a sugarcane bagasse biochar electrode for sensing and anodic oxidation of organic pollutants in soft drink industry wastewater(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-02) Monzón de la Cruz, Sarai; Cervantes Avilés, Pabel Antonio; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Huerta Aguilar, Carlos Alberto; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Lozano Gutiérrez, Gerardo IvánBiochar derived from sugarcane bagasse was engineered and evaluated as a low-cost electrochemical material for glucose detection and for the anodic oxidation of soft drink industry wastewater. The material was modified with nickel species to enhance its redox activity and catalytic behavior. In the first part of the study, the nickel-modified biochar electrode was characterized electrochemically to assess its performance as a glucose sensor in alkaline media. Chronoamperometric measurements at 0.6 V in 0.1 M KOH revealed a linear detection range from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L, a sensitivity of 1.0843 mA·g/L, and a limit of detection of 0.18 g/L (1.021 mM). The electrode exhibited stable, reproducible responses across multiple additions and replicates, confirming its suitability for high-concentration glucose environments typical of beverage production residues. In the second part, the electrode was applied to the anodic oxidation of wastewater simulating soft drink industry effluents. Electrolysis experiments conducted at 5-7 V achieved 80–100% removal of organic carbon, as confirmed by TOC analyses and supported by an increase in inorganic carbon, demonstrating substantial mineralization. Chronoamperometric comparison with boron-doped diamond (BDD) showed that while BDD displayed rising current associated with hydroxyl radical generation, the NiO-modified biochar electrode exhibited a decreasing current profile attributed to Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺ mediation yet retained high degradation performance. Additional studies on voltage and current density revealed a direct dependence of removal efficiency on the applied electrochemical load (R² ≈ 0.99). The combined results indicate that nickel-modified biochar electrodes are an effective, sustainable, and economical alternative for both sensing and advanced oxidation processes in high-strength industrial wastewater. Their performance, derived from low-cost biomass waste, highlights their potential for scalable implementation.
- Efecto del borurado sobre la resistencia a la corrosión del acero AISI 9840 en ácido sulfúrico(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-11-03) Castorena Solache, Emiliano; Elías Espinosa, Milton Carlos; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Miró Zárate, Luis Ángel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Bastida Escamilla, EduardoEl borurado es un tratamiento termoquímico de superficie que forma una capa cerámica de boruros sobre sustratos metálicos mediante difusión en estado sólido. Estas capas de boruros de hierro, compuestas por compuestos de enlace covalente, mejoran tanto la dureza superficial como la resistencia al desgaste. En este estudio se evaluó la influencia del borurado en la resistencia a la corrosión del acero AISI 9840. El tratamiento se realizó utilizando polvo Durborid G a 950 °C durante 2, 4 y 6 horas, mediante el método de borurado en polvo. Las probetas fueron caracterizadas en cuanto a su microestructura, dureza superficial y comportamiento frente a la corrosión. La resistencia a la corrosión se analizó mediante ensayos de inmersión de acuerdo con la norma ASTM G31-72 y, complementariamente, con técnicas electroquímicas empleando un potenciostato, lo que permitió analizar dinámicamente la respuesta de la capa borurada frente al ataque ácido y obtener parámetros como el potencial de corrosión (Ecorr) y la densidad de corriente de corrosión (Icorr). De igual manera, el espesor de la capa de Fe₂B difundido fue evaluado mediante nanoindentación usando un equipo de indentación instrumentada con carga oscilante de la empresa Anton Paar, mientras que la fase formada y su morfología fueron confirmadas mediante difracción de rayos X (XRD) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), donde se evaluó también la concentración de boro en cada muestra, así como la deposición de elementos corrosivos después de 10 h de inmersión en ácido sulfúrico. Las capas formadas por borurado presentaron un incremento significativo en la dureza, alcanzando valores de hasta 2589 HV, así como una mejora notable en la resistencia a la corrosión en comparación con el material sin tratar. El espesor de la capa de boruro aumentó progresivamente con el tiempo de tratamiento, en concordancia con lo reportado para otros aceros de medio carbono. Estos resultados demuestran que el borurado con polvo Durborid G mejora de manera efectiva las propiedades superficiales del acero AISI 9840, haciéndolo más adecuado para aplicaciones exigentes como engranes, cigüeñales y cremalleras en ambientes de maquinaria pesada, donde el desgaste y la corrosión son factores críticos de desempeño.
- Sloshing analysis of a fuel tank using the moving particle semi-implicit method(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-07) González Sanoja, Alejandra Jazmín; Castilleja Escobedo, Orlando; emipsanchez; Probst, Oliver Matthias; Miramontes, Jesús Orlando; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Delgado, ArturoComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has allowed engineers to simulate a great number of complex problems that otherwise could not be solved theoretically. However, certain applications have been reduced to complex simulations that were believed to be impossible to perform. In recent years, new particle-based methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and moving particle semi-implicit method have allowed a re-review of these applications, and one clear example of their newly found avail- able execution is the sloshing simulations. This dissertation focuses on the development of a new capability that exploits particle-based simulation advantages, specifically to study sloshing forces on fuel tanks in combines machinery. A theoretical review on the mathematical framework for such methods was performed in order to comprehend the basics behind these simulation softwares, along with a discussion on their advantages and limitations of such methods. Then a sloshing benchmark study with a sensitivity test is conducted to analyze distinct features within the Particleworks software. A high correlation between lab data and simulation data was found, establishing confidence and expertise for the following fuel tank analysis. Images at different time-steps and pressure mapping for three fuel level cases are presented on the tank analysis. Finally, a volume-of-fraction (VoF) method comparison is also provided.
- A sensitive SERS biosensor for dopamine detection using functionalized anisotropic gold nanostructures(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06) García García, María Paula; Cholula Díaz, Jorge Luis; emipsanchez; García Ortíz, César Eduardo; Martínez Orellana, Lidia; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Morales Luna, MichaelAs an essential neurotransmitter, dopamine is involved in motor control, motivation, cardiovascular, and hormonal systems. Its accurate quantification is essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique due to its high sensitivity in detecting low-abundance analytes. A major breakthrough has been the use of noble metal-based (gold and silver) anisotropic nanostructures as SERS substrates due to the possibility of controlling their optical properties as a function of the size and shape of the nanomaterial. However, the affinity between noble metal nanostructures and dopamine presents major challenges because of the lack of a related functional group in the neurotransmitter. To overcome these limitations, in the present work, anisotropic gold-based nanostructures (Au-NS) were synthesized through a green chemical route and subsequently functionalized with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AHMT), in order to enhance their affinity for dopamine and promote the attachment of these molecules to the proximity of the metallic surface. The Au-NS functionalized with AHMT anisotropic gold-based nanostructures functionalized with AHMT (Au-NS@AHMT) were used as nanoprobes in SERS experiments in the quantification of dopamine in different concentrations. The vibrational mode at 1640 cm→1 that appeared in the Raman spectra due to the interaction between dopamine and AHMT was used as a distinctive signal to construct a calibration curve with a wide linear range between 0.1 pM and 10 mM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5 nM. This analytical method provides a highly sensitive dopamine biosensor that could be applied in the quantification of this crucial neurotransmitter related to neurodegenerative diseases.
- Follow up of longlived dropletsize stability in O/W nanoemulsions for antibacterial applications and their thermoresponsive behaviour(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-05-09) Erick Jair, Sánchez Gaitán; Delgado Cepeda, Francisco Javier; emipsanchez; Bandala Solano, Yamir; Dulce Viridiana Melo Máximo; Rosales Hoz, María de Jesús; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Estado de México; González López, VianneyAntibiotic resistance is now one of the most worrying global health threats, where common antibiotics have become obsolete. To counteract this urgent crisis, many studies and strategies have been employed to provide an effective solution. Novel therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as nanoemulsions, which offer an alternative to inhibit resistant bacteria. The application of nanoemulsions, specifically those involving essential oils, has the potential to become a constant in the industry due to their properties and capability to inhibit bacteria. Their thermoresponsive properties can make them suitable candidates to treat infections caused by resistant bacteria. This study, conducted as part of the Master of Science degree program in Nanotechnology, aims to analyze the long-lived stability of NEs and their antimicrobial properties as a possible alternative for treating microorganisms that exhibit antibiotic resistance. Hysteresis and thermoresponsive characterization of the NEs is a relevant aspect to ensure the stability of the NEs at possible operational conditions and thus the preservation of the antimicrobial properties of the NE. Finally, computational models will be employed as an approach to understand droplet formation and behavior.
- Topological quantum computing: comprehensive overview and theoretical foundations(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-05) Pabón Barbery, Mateo; Delgado Cepeda, Francisco Javier; emipsanchez; Fernández Cabrera, David José; Gutiérrez Vega, Julio César; Jaimes Nájera, Alfonso Isaac; Enríquez Flores, Marco Benjamín; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThe apparent computational power of Quantum computers suggests a significant speed- up in calculations by leveraging the principles of superposition and entanglement, proper of Quantum Mechanics. However, the quantum information stored is very fragile to thermal excitations (also referred to as noise) and accuracy errors when information is processed via quantum logical gates. Many research areas develop techniques to correct and mitigate such errors; however, progress on the scalability and efficiency of quantum chips is slow. On the other hand, a relatively new technology has been proposed, directly targeting the prob- lem of decoherence by an inherently fault-tolerant quantum processor, Topological quantum Computing (TQC). In this overview, we trace State of the Art, the fundamental concepts, and the theoretical framework to understand systematically the physical consequence of its constituent qubits, non-Abelian anyons, and how to perform computation. The notion of topologically ordered states is built from a toy model, the Toric code, to a physical system exhibiting topological states, the Quantum Hall Effect (QHE). Once topological order is de- rived, the connection of non-Abelian anyons as qubits is bridged by a qualitative explanation, and the comprehension of the fundamental pillars of TQC flows more naturally. Concepts are reviewed under a comprehensive perspective, using clear language, without repetitive expla- nations found in other sources, and at a technisism level readable for a profile with a strong basic Quantum Mechanics background. Finally, a temporal sequence of the most cited and important achievements on topologically ordered systems and states with the perspective on building the first topological quantum computer closes this document, offering a wide picture of today’s state of the art on Topological Quantum Computing.
- On the effect of insulator structures in electrokinetically driven microfluidic devices(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025) Martínez González, Vania Guadalupe; Pérez González, Víctor Hugo; emimmayorquin, emipsanchez; Martínez López, José Israel; Roberts Ugrinovic, Ricardo Esteban; Gallo Villanueva, Roberto Carlos; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyWithin insulator based electrokinetically driven microfluidic devices (iEK, or iDEP) field, it is worth predicting the distribution of the electric field that a specific microchannel will have when voltage is applied. The electric field distortion is provoked by the presence of insulator pillars arranged in certain dispositions with the aim of manipulating particles (for instance, polystyrene beads, bacteria, cells, exosomes, etc.). Commonly, researchers simulate microchannel geometry in a finite element method (FEM) based software. Despite accurateness, this approach is costly and time consuming; this creates delays in the design process. This work provides an easy use analytical model based on electric circuit theory. The present tool calculates voltage and electric field profiles along a centered cut line throughout a microchannel. The circuit model was validated using FEM-based software and applied to an experimental case. Experimental case was an effort of reducing voltage requirement to achieve particle trapping. For that purpose, three designs of direct current insulator based electrokinetically driven (DC-iEK) microfluidic devices were used. The target geometries were two triangles forming a single constriction. Devices were stimulated using 9 V alkaline batteries and tested with 2 µm fluorescent polystyrene particles. The minimum voltage at which particle trapping was observed was 18 V.
- General aging model for schematic eyes(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025) Fernandez Pozas, Pablo Antonio; Jaimes Nájera, Alfonso; emimmayorquin, emipsanchez; Gutierrez Vega, Julio Cesar; Peréz García, Benjamín de Jesús; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyA general methodology for modeling the aging process of the human eye is proposed. The two main changes that occur with age are: an increase in the dimensions of the crystalline lens an a flattening of its internal GRIN. These two processes are modeled respectively with a set of scaling factors and the introduction of a composite function called the plateau function. The methodology is put to test with three different schematic eye models: The Poisson Gauss, the Composite Modified Luneburg and the AVOCADO model. In each model the aging methodology was implemented and yielded satisfactory results in terms of: physiological fidelity, position of the focal plane and evolution of Zernike’s primary spherical aberration.
- Experimental characterization of vector Parabolic-Gauss beams(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Ramírez Ríos, Diego Armando; Hernández Aranda. Raúl Ignacio; emipsanchez; Yepiz Escalante, Adad; Gutiérrez Vega, Julio César; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Pérez García Benjamín Jesús deThe theoretical and experimental study of optical beams that satisfy Helmholtz equation un der the paraxial regime is a relatively recent field in Optics and Photonics. Assuming quasi parallel propagation of a beam along a longitudinal axis, transversal planes of it can be mathe matically stated, which, embedded to a Gaussian apodization, are known as Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG) beams. Scalar orthogonal families of solutions of HzG beams such as Mathieu-Gauss, Bessel-Gauss, Parabolic-Gauss (PG), have been thoroughly studied trough numerical and ex perimental generation. Nonetheless, the Helmholtz equation admits vector solutions con structed from scalar HzG beams. Such vector HzG beams present electrical polarization dependent of the transversal locality, so that every point in the xy plane manifests its own polarization state. In this dissertation, motivated by the absence of report of experimental