Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Ultrasound-assisted extraction phenolic compounds from mexican raspberries (Rubus idaeus): cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory activity(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-07-06) López Corona, Alejandra Vanessa; Garcia Varela, Rebeca; puemcuervo, emimmayorquin; Sánchez López, Angélica Lizeth; García García, Jorge Donato; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Garcia Amezquita, Luis EduardoUltrasound-assisted extraction is a technology used as an alternative to conventional extraction methods to increase yield. In this research, the nutritional compositions, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activity of organic Mexican raspberry were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from raspberry. Proximate composition was determined as 84.79% in moisture, 8.7 g/100 g d.b. protein, 5.9 g/100 g d.b. in fat, 40.6 g/100 g d.b. in total dietary fiber, and 3.4 g/100 g d.b. in ash. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to increase raspberry phenolic compounds extraction yield. Therefore, two samples were analyzed, raspberry extracts pretreated with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAEp) and conventional raspberry extraction (N-UAEp). Total phenolics content was higher in UAEp (10.7 GAE mg/g DM) than in N-UAEp (8.2 GAE mg/g DM). Total anthocyanins content was similar in both UAEp and N-UAEp, 7.2 C3GE mg/g DM and 7.4 C3GE mg/g DM, respectively. Antioxidant activity measured by ABTS and DPPH assays in UAEp and N- UAEp extracts were 14.4 AAE mg/g DM and 8.3 AAE mg/g DM, 8.2 AAE mg/g DM and 6.1 AAE mg/g DM, respectively. UAEp raspberry extract showed a significant difference in antioxidative activity compared to N-UAEp. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed for both sample groups, three anthocyanins were identified and quantified as most prevalent: cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3- sophoroside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside. Arizona methodology was performed for the purpose of fractioning phenolic compound content found in raspberries. NIH/3T3 and CaCo-2 cells were used to determine cytotoxic capacity, here 70 treatments were assessed on each cell line. Treatments were design according to sample treatment (UAEp and N-UAEp), fractions (Arizona methodology) and doses (400-0 μg/L). The majority of UAEp treatments displayed high viability in NIH/3T3 and low viability for CaCo- 2, compared to N-UAEp. Based on cytotoxicity results, 16 treatments were chosen to test antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Antioxidant activity was determined by the Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity assay (27.4 – 72.2 % Cellular Antioxidant Activity) in CaCo-2 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were induced inflammation by lipopolysaccharides exposure to assess anti-inflammatory potential of all 16 treatments (38.9 – 10.9 % nitric oxide inhibition). Most cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory results display a dose- dependent behavior. Ultrasound-assisted extraction showed a significant favorable effect for the optimal extraction of phenolic compounds from raspberries.
- Immunomodulatory effect of a nutraceutical mixture in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-05-28) Gastélum Estrada, Alejandro; Serna Saldívar, Sergio Román Othón; puelquio; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Canales Aguirre, Alejandro ArturoCOVID-19 has impacted global community since its appearance in December 2019, with consequences in health, economic, employment, among many others that have created scenarios known as “new normality”. Along pharmacological measures, preventive ones have also been proposed including the change of diet patterns, increasing physical activities and others. In this work, nutraceuticals are explored for assessing their potential as COVID-19 preventers that could extrapolate to other new diseases or pandemics. Specifically, a nutraceutical mixture was tested in C57BL/6J mice, which is a model for obesity and metabolic syndrome, to evaluate immunomodulation potential by measuring the effect on blood indicators and immune biomarkers. Nutraceuticals evaluated include vitamins (C, D and E), minerals (selenium and zinc) and other ingredients as coenzyme Q10, microencapsulated probiotics, broccoli sprout powder and black bean coat flour as sources of sulforaphane and flavonoids, respectively. All of them have been widely studied and attributed with immunomodulatory properties, each one of them are explained and detailed in the second chapter. Results of blood indicators show a low effect on blood cells concentration and lipid profile, with no consistent differences between male and female individuals. No significant effect was determined in coagulation time. Some of the observed changes such as increase of erythrocytes and leukocyte in males of the supplemented group may suggest a heterogeneous effect between male and female mice, but more studies would be needed. While no significant effects were observed in lymphocyte-T analysis, the most relevant result was obtained in IL-1 evaluation, which level significantly increased in the obese-no supplemented group in comparison with the healthy group, but the increase was countered and even got to lower levels compared to healthy mice when the nutraceutical supplement was included in the diet. This result may suggest a higher effect of the nutraceuticals in inflammation processes rather than in blood cell levels.