Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Leukocytes in human breastmilk: mapping the evidence through a scoping review
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-05-03) Jiménez López, Brenda; Marion Emilie Genevieve Brunck; emimmayorquin; Martínez Ledesma, Juan Emmanuel; González Castillo, Elena Cristina; School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Palacios González, Berenice
The immunological composition of breastmilk has gained research interest as breastfeeding correlates with improved health outcomes in infants, short and long term. Within this field, breastmilk leukocytes (BreLeuk) have remained underexplored. In this scoping review, we map and synthesize all available published literature on human BreLeuk to establish a State-of-the-Art. A systematic search across 4 databases from inception until February 10th 2025, yielded 216 relevant peer-reviewed research articles from 4336 collected abstracts. Colostrum was the most studied milk type. Macrophages were the most reported BreLeuk population with 110 associated studies (>50% of total), followed by T cells. On the other end, eosinophils and basophils were rarely studied (15 and 4 studies, respectively) and mast cells were investigated, but not found in human milk. Research has predominantly focused on analyzing BreLeuk relative proportions, immunophenotype, morphology, and phagocytosis/killing activity, and comparing to paired blood circulating leukocytes. Overall, BreLeuk research has been dominated by high-income countries (80%), with minimal representation from low-income regions (1.7%). Maternal demographics have been historically underreported, hampering correlations with BreLeuk composition, although the most recent studies have more consistently reported these variables. Over 63.9% of studies evaluated BreLeuk characteristics in healthy mothers, while the others studied conditions such as HIV (14 studies, 6.5%), and to a lesser extent allergies, obesity or infections. We provide a comprehensive database of human BreLeuk identification and reported phenotypes and functions, to facilitate future research.
Analysis of immune cells in peripheral blood and colostrum from obese mothers in Mexico
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-05-28) Piñeiro Salvador, Raúl; Brunck, Marion; tolmquevedo; Lara-Díaz, Víctor Javier; Licona-Cassani, Cuauhtémoc; Vásquez-Garza, Eduardo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey
Breastfeeding provides newborns not only nutritional short-term nutrient supply, but also long-term benefits in neural, metabolic, and immune development. Several bioactive components of human milk mediate these long-term benefits over immunity, including living bacteria and leukocytes, or even some modulators like cytokines and antibodies. The immunological properties of milk change over lactation progress and the colostrum (stage of lactation produced within 2 days after birth) is the stage with the highest concentration of these factors. Other factors like maternal health status, genetics or daily variations also influence on milk composition. In this scenario, prolactin promotes leukocyte migration to mammary glands and milk. However, the role of chronic conditions on human milk immune composition like obesity is poorly studied. This is especially important in countries with high rates of maternal obesity, like Mexico, where more than two-thirds of adult women suffer any grade of overweight or obesity. Here, we present an extensive flow-cytometry based characterization of leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and colostrum from lean and obese mothers, as well as an analysis of some of their phenotypes. With this data, we aim to better understanding if obesity affects the process of leukocyte migration to human milk, and promotes possible changes on functionality of human milk leukocytes.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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