Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Effect of the extrusion process on the production of a precooked adjunct for American-Lager beer, with the aim of reducing energy and water consumption(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-03) Vázquez del Mercado Pardiño, Jorge Arturo; Heredia Olea, Erick; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Rosa Millán, Julían de la; Pino Espinosa Ramírez, Johanan del; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Pérez Carrillo, EstherLager beer style is the most consumed beer in North America, and Mexico is the 4th biggest exporter of Lager in the world. Among the Lager styles, the American-Lager beer is one of the most consumed due to its crispness and light mouthfeel, mainly caused using adjuncts. Brewing adjuncts represent another source of fermentable sugars (FS) for the fermentation. The main sources of adjuncts are corn and rice, but their use during mashing is limited by the necessity of cooking them in a different tun to gelatinise them and allow barley malt enzyme to hydrolyse them. Consequently, in this research, extrusion cooking parameters were evaluated on white degermed corn grits to gelatinise and obtain the highest FS conversion yield. 2 corn grits (MS: Vixim MS-60 and VX: Vixim Cereal) were extruded to produce 9 different treatments at different screws speed (200 rpm, 300 rpm and 500 rpm) and moisture (15%, 20% and 25%). Brewer's worts were produced with each extruded adjunct, and with non-extruded corn starch and the two raw corn grits. It was found that extrusion cooking is capable not only to equalise the FS yield of the wort produced with corn starch but also to produce, in 10 out of 18 treatments, an average increase of 32.01% in FS yield at different extrusion conditions. Condition at 300 rpm and 20% moisture resulted in the treatment with the highest FS yield with 46.72%. Free Amino Nitrogen and protein content were quantified, and in VX treatments, a significant decrease of 37.4% and 59.3% respectively, was observed, mostly due to a higher presence of Maillard reaction during extrusion. Through an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the FS yields produced, the extrusion parameters were analysed and optimised to produce a condition (MS10) where the FS yield was maximised at 64% (16.2% moisture, 233 rpm, 159.6°C product temperature, 234.6°C extrusion barrel temperature and 341.8 SME). The wort produced with MS10 adjunct presented a 28.29% FS yield, 4.22 SRM colour, 1.25 mL/min filtration speed, parameters not statistically different to the wort produced with corn starch, while FAN concentrations were reduced by 12.4%. The use of MS10 as a brewing adjunct produced a 33.54% and 15.13% reduction in mashing energy and water usage, respectively. The water usage was also reduced by 35.78% by using MS10 instead of corn starch as an adjunct.
- Engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol: structural characterization and assessment of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-02) Torres Copado, Andrea; Paul, Sujay; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Arvizu Espinosa, María Goretti; Sahare, Padmavati; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Estévez González, Miriam RocíoThe global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is closely associated with persistent oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Natural polyphenols such as quercetin and resveratrol possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, their therapeutic potential is severely hindered by low aqueous solubility, poor chemical stability, and rapid metabolic degradation. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems offer a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability and functional performance of these bioactive compounds. Accordingly, this work aimed to co-encapsulate quercetin and resveratrol into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), thoroughly characterize the resulting nanocarrier system, and assess its biological properties in vitro. MSNs were synthesized through a modified Stöber method, yielding uniform, spherical, amorphous nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of ~126 nm, a high specific surface area (200.3 m²/g), a pore volume of 0.445 cm³/g, and a mean pore diameter of 5.4 nm. Co-loading was achieved using a solvent evaporation method, resulting in high encapsulation efficiencies (79.9% for quercetin and 71.4% for resveratrol). Physicochemical characterization (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DLS, Zeta Potential) confirmed successful drug incorporation, partial amorphization of the polyphenols, enhanced thermal stability, and a sustained release profile extending to 75 hours. The QUE-RES-SiO₂ formulation demonstrated significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity in DPPH, CUPRAC, and ABTS assays, surpassing free resveratrol. Strong anti-inflammatory capacity was also observed in a heat-induced protein denaturation model, with up to 75% inhibition, comparable to free quercetin and the reference drug diclofenac. In ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells, the formulation exhibited efficient nanoparticle uptake; however, it did not induce cytotoxicity or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within 24 hours, likely due to slow-release kinetics, intrinsic chemoresistance of the cell line, and low concentrations tested over a limited time. Overall, these results demonstrate that MSNs constitute an effective platform for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol, enhancing their stability and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential while overcoming key physicochemical limitations. Although anticancer effects were not observed under the tested conditions, this study establishes a robust foundation for future optimization of release kinetics, dosing strategies, and targeting mechanisms to exploit the therapeutic potential of polyphenols in oxidative stress- and inflammation-driven chronic diseases.
- Study of the mechanical behavior and cell viability on 3D-printed Ti6Al4V surfaces: porosity optimization for intervertebral spacer design(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12) Hidalgo Ayala, Gabriela; García López, Erika; Lopez Botello, Omar Eduardo; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; Trujillo de Santiago, Grissel; Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyAdditively manufactured porous titanium implants offer a promising strategy to reduce stress shielding and promote bone interaction in spinal fusion procedures. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures fabricated by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) were evaluated as candidates for intervertebral spacer applications. Three pore sizes (0.8 , 0.9, and 1.0 mm) were designed and produced using an Additive Arcam SPECTRA L (GE, Gothenburg, Sweden), along with solid EBM and cast Ti-6Al-4V controls. The study combined structural, mechanical, and in vitro biological characterization to determine how pore size influences performance. Dimensional analysis using scanning electron microscopy and ImageJ confirmed good geometric fidelity between CAD models and as-built lattices, with the 0.9 mm configuration showing the smallest deviation in pore diameter and strut thickness. Under uniaxial compression (ASTM E9), increasing pore size reduced both strength and stiffness. The 0.9 mm lattice exhibited a maximum compressive stress of approximately 564 MPa and an apparent modulus of approximately 13.5 GPa, values closer to those of vertebral trabecular bone than to those of solid Ti-6Al-4V. Attempts to perform compression fatigue testing (ASTM E466) revealed limitations of standard displacement-based preload protocols for highly compliant lattices, highlighting the need for adapted fatigue methodologies. A separate rotational fatigue test on a solid EBM specimen confirmed the correct functioning of the fatigue equipment. Biological performance was assessed using C2C12 murine myoblasts cultured on Ti-6Al-4V discs representing each pore size. Fluorescence imaging (Phalloidin/DAPI) showed robust cell adhesion and organized cytoskeletal structures across all lattices, while Live/Dead assays demonstrated high viability (>97%) with no pore size dependent cytotoxicity. Integrating mechanical, structural, and cellular findings, the 0.9 mm lattice emerged as the promising design, offering favorable balance between biomechanical compatibility, structural integrity and early cell response for potential use in intervertebral spacer implants.
- Exome variant analysis in 40 mexican pulmonary arterial hypertension patients(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12) Sánchez Pichardo, Brenda Eloisa; Treviño Alvarado, Víctor Manuel; emimmayorquin, emipsanchez; Tamez Peña, José Gerardo; Martínez Ledesma, Juan Emmanuel; Sánchez Díaz, Carlos Jerjes; Balderas Martínez, Yalbi Itzel; García Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Estado de MéxicoPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and detrimental disease with a strong genetic component, yet most studies have focused on European or Asian populations. Consequently, little is known about the genetic landscape of PAH in Mexico or whether certain variants have been underrepresented due to ancestry bias in other datasets. This work integrates a set of bioinformatic tools to identify and interpret genetic variants from Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) data of 40 Mexican patients diagnosed with the disease. All patients were recruited by Dr. Carlos Jerjes Díaz Sánchez, the primary clinical col- laborator and data provider for this study. The workflow covered all major steps of data processing, including quality control, read mapping, variant calling, and annotation. These procedures were automated through a custom pipeline implemented in Nextflow, ensuring reproducibility. Subsequently, the analytical phase integrated domain-specific knowledge to interpret variant relevance. First, we systematically examined variants present in 21 PAH-related genes. Second, we explored additional variants based three computational methods: ClinVar annotations, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and computational predictions. This approach enabled a comprehensive assessment of potential pathogenic variants. Among the 21 PAH-related genes, BMPR2 showed the strongest evidence of pathogenicity, with two variants classified as pathogenic and one of uncertain significance, represent- ing 8% of unrelated individuals. Variants of uncertain significance were also found in eight other PAH-related genes (NOTCH3, EDN1, KCNA5, NOS2, SMAD9, TBX4, and TOPBP1), distributed across 10 of the 39 patients. Additional variants with strong but partially conflicting evidence were identified in HPGDS, TLR4, HSPB9, and other genes. These findings reinforce the central role of BMPR2 in PAH while highlighting po- tential modulatory roles of additional genes involved in inflammation and stress response pathways. Notably, not a single variant was assigned to more than four patients, suggesting that most variants were recently acquired in the family or that those individuals are the first in their families.
- Identifying a subsequent bleaching response in the Acropora genus through comparative transcriptomics(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-01) Jalife Gómez, Ariadna; Rangel Escareño, Claudia; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Alvarado Cerón, Viridiana; Quintus Scheckthuber, Christian; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyRising sea temperatures trigger coral bleaching, a process where corals expel vital symbiotic algae from their tissues, leading to reef degradation worldwide. Coral reefs, not only as a source of cultural, economic, and societal benefits, but also as a crucial ecosystem to fight climate change (due to a larger oxygen production in a fraction of space that a forest requires) constantly experience coral bleaching events worldwide with less time between such events, and more intensity in the response severity, as four mass bleaching events have occurred thus far, threatening to conduct many relevant coral species to mass extinction events, a particularly impactful truth for acroporid corals. This thesis addresses the critical need to classify and characterize coral bleaching process by depicting molecular signatures of this phenomenon in Acropora corals, a genus known as reef-builder that is crucial for healthy reef ecosystems due to structure formation and shelter provision in marine ecosystems. Although extensive research has explored the molecular mechanisms of coral bleaching through transcriptomic studies, characterization of the bleaching response remains a challenge in relation with variation in identified mechanisms and lack of integrative efforts between different studies, hindering the development of preventive solutions rather than curative ones. Firstly, we created a dataset with previously processed transcriptomic data from geographically diverse Acropora species using 40 samples from simulated heat stress experiments that corresponded to transcriptomic studies from adult coral colonies with reports of sampling time. Secondly, we analyzed chronological activation of transcriptome patterns through time series for control samples, thermal stress and bleaching in Acropora, aiming to identify conserved molecular signatures regardless of geographical variation. Results revealed that despite heterogeneity present in the dataset, subsequent gene expression responses were identified through functional analysis for both control and heatstressed scenarios with additional validation of time dependence through comparison with a bleaching group, nonetheless, species-specific expression was also identified with a relevant impact of the bacterial component of the coral holobiont. By classifying bleaching responses, we can pave the way for a more targeted intervention strategy to inhibit coral bleaching at a critical juncture defined by gene expression patterns, regardless of environmental variability. The present work could contribute to further management strategies for coral reefs in response to climate change with an informed perspective in molecular terms.
- Evaluación de la actividad del uniportador de calcio mitocondrial y el manejo del calcio mitocondrial en la función de la célula beta pancreática en un modelo in vitro de lipotoxicidad(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-11-11) Zamora Benavides, Nora Greys; Alves Figueiredo, Hugo Jorge; emimmayorquin, emipsanchez; Crispín Acuña, José Carlos; García Rovés González, Pablo M.; Vázquez Garza, Eduardo; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; García Rivas, Gerardo de JesúsIntroducción: El manejo del calcio mitocondrial regulado por el Uniportador de calcio mitocondrial (MCU) ha demostrado desempeñar un rol importante en el proceso de secreción de insulina por la célula β pancreática. Este estudio investiga como en un ambiente pro-diabetogenico inducido por lipotoxicidad la desregulación del manejo de calcio mitocondrial conduce a la perdida de función y muerte de la célula β. Metodología: Para establecer un modelo in vitro de lipotoxicidad, células RIN5F (línea celular de células β pancreáticas de rata fueron expuestas a diferentes concentraciones de palmitato. La vitalidad y viabilidad fueron analizadas mediante Azul de Alamar y exclusión por azul de tripano, respectivamente. La actividad del MCU y las dinámicas del calcio mitocondrial fueron evaluadas por fluorometría, mientras que las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) fueron medidas usando citometría de flujo. Para analizar la expresión proteica se realizó western blot, y la secreción de insulina mediante ELISA. Resultados: Después de 24 horas de exposición a 700 µM de palmitato, la viabilidad de las células β disminuyó en un 9%, mientras que la actividad metabólica cambió un 47%. La dinámica del calcio mitocondrial ([Ca²⁺]m) mostró alteraciones, al ser retenido menos del 41% y presentar una velocidad de captación 37% más lenta. Cambio que fue adjudicado a la pérdida de funcionalidad del MCU, debido a la ausencia de diferencias en el nivel de proteína expresada. Además, se documentó un aumento de 1.5 veces de EROs mitocondriales, destacando la ausencia de cambio en el ERO citosólico. Estas modificaciones mitocondriales se acompañaron de un marcado deterioro funcional en las células β, evidenciado por una reducción de 15 veces el contenido total de insulina, aunque la secreción de insulina estimulada por la glucosa no se vio afectada. Conclusión: Se demostró que la disfunción en el manejo del [Ca²⁺]m, más que cambios en los niveles del MCU, contribuye al deterioro funcional de la célula β pancreática. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia del MCU como eje regulador de la homeostasis y sugiriéndolo como potencial blanco terapéutico para prolongar la función de la célula β en personas con obesidad.
- Consequences of obesity on one-carbon metabolism across different study models: in silico transcriptomic analyses(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-26) Cantú Ruiz, Jesús Daniel; Díaz de la Garza, Rocío Isabel; emipsanchez; Treviño Alvarado, Víctor Manuel; García Ramírez, Noemí; Guéant Rodríguez, Rosa María; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Castaño Moreno, Erika YanethObesity is a complex, multifactorial disorder marked by profound disruptions in energy homeostasis and nutrient handling. One-carbon metabolism (1-CM) – the network that fuels cellular methylation and nucleotide biosynthesis – is particularly vulnerable in obesity; individuals with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² consistently exhibit reduced circulating levels of key 1-CM micronutrients, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, 1‑CM gene expression was characterized across three complementary models: (i) adipose and skeletal muscle samples from post‑mortem donors in the GTEx cohort; (ii) white and brown adipose tissue from mice subjected to a high‑fat diet; and (iii) primary adipocytes isolated from human and mouse specimens. A comprehensive list of 1–CM–related genes, curated through UniProt annotation and a targeted literature review, was overlaid onto differential expression results obtained using both the limma and DESeq2 pipelines. Genes with an adjusted p-value < 0.05 were deemed significant. In the GTEx study of 42 tissues analyzed, subcutaneous, visceral adipose, and skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) tissues were significantly compromised. In these three tissues, a downregulation of folate cycle genes (MTHFD1/2, SHMT2, ALDH1L1) and vitamin B12-processing enzymes (MMACHC, MTRR) was observed. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues showed reduced expression of FOLR1, SLC25A32, and purine biosynthesis genes (GART, ATIC). Skeletal muscle exhibited partial compensatory upregulation (DHFR, ALDH1L1). In the animal model, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed the upregulation of de novo purine synthesis genes (Atic and Gart), DNA methylation (Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Dnmt1), and folate uptake (Folr1 and Folr2). Folate species interconversion genes, including Mthfr and Aldh1l1, were downregulated. In primary human adipocytes, 41 1-CM genes were differentially expressed (28 upregulated, 13 downregulated; log₂FC range: –4.33 to +4.15). GLDC (–4.33), MTHFD2 (–3.20), MTHFD1L (–1.65), and DNMT1 (–2.90) were markedly suppressed. Conversely, SARDH (+4.10), LRP2 (+4.15), and SHMT1, as well as BHMT2 and ALDH1L1, were upregulated. Folate and B12 transporters (TCN2, SLC19A1, FOLR2) were also elevated.
- Neuroimaging-based pain detector using artificial intelligence approaches(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-17) Macías Padilla, Brayhan Alan; Hernández Rojas, Luis Guillermo; emipsanchez; Ochoa Ruiz, Gilberto; Mendoza Montoya,Omar; Chailloux Peguero, Juan David; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Antelis Ortiz, Javier MauricioChronic pain is a complex, multifactorial experience that varies significantly across time, sex, and individual physiology. This thesis presents the development of a deep learning-based sys- tem for classifying pain-related brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from a rodent model of a comorbid pain condition (masseter muscle inflammation fol- lowed by stress) that induces chronic visceral pain hypersensitivity (CPH). The proposed sys- tem evaluates the potential ofconvolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect pain-associated neural patterns under different experimental conditions.Three variations of the VGG16 architecture were implemented and tested: a modified 2D VGG16 adapted to 3D volumes, a multiview 2D ensemble (M2D) fed with axial, sagittal, and coronal slices, and a fully 3D VGG16 model. After an initial benchmarking phase using data from rest sessions, the 3D VGG16 model was selected for subsequent experiments due to its consistent performance and the ability to learn from full volumetric input.Classification tasks involved multiple comparison scenarios, including sex differences, longitudinal progression of pain (from baseline to weeks 1 and week 7 after the CPH pro- cedure), and the impact of data selection strategies (full rest sessions vs. distension-specific volume extraction). Grad-CAM was used to provide anatomical interpretation of model at- tention, revealing consistent activation of pain-related brain regions such as the insular cortex, somatosensory cortex, thalamic nuclei, and prelimbic area, with marked differences observed between male and female subjects.The results demonstrate the feasibility of using deep neural networks, combined with explainable AI techniques, to decode and interpret pain-related patterns in fMRI data. Fur- thermore, the performance trends observed in classification tasks align with behavioral find- ings reported in the literature, supporting the potential of AI-driven neuroimaging analysis to uncover meaningful biological signatures of chronic pain.This study builds directly upon the work conducted by Da Silva et. al. [1], who previ- ously processed the same dataset to generate VMR representations and statistical t-maps from fMRI data. His analysis focused on identifying regions with significant activation differences between conditions using traditional statistical parametric mapping. Expanding on this foun- dation, the present research integrates deep learning methods, specifically 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to classify experimental conditions directly from the fMRI volumes. Moreover, it incorporates explainable AI techniques (Grad-CAM) to reveal the spatial patterns most influential to classification. This approach offers a shift from region-centric hypothesis testing toward a data-driven, whole-brain interpretability framework, enabling the detection of distributed neural patterns that might not reach statistical significance individually but are collectively informative.
- Heterologous expression, purification, and functional assessment of crotamine in E. coli using fusion tag strategies and cell-based assays(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-13) Arjona Galiano, Daniel Alejandro; Benavides Lozano, Jorge; emimmayorquin; Meléndez Martínez, David; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Vargas Cortez, TeresaCrotamine is a peptide found in the venom of Crotalus durrisus terrificus, it has sparked interest in the scientific community because of its therapeutic potential, particularly because of its affinity to act on actively proliferating cells, acting as an anti-cancer agent. However, the research and possible applications of the peptide have been hindered by its availability, as it’s hard to get enough pure, and bioactive crotamine, as its natural source produces low quantities and recombinant methods have faced hurdles in having high yields and proper folding of the protein. This thesis aimed to develop and compare heterologous expression strategies to obtain crotamine using E. coli as the production vector, looking to obtain a scalable production method. The three plasmid designs were His6-MBP-Crotamine, His6-Crotamine, and Tagless-Crotamine. Each approach aimed to experiment on how the tags affect the solubility, yields, and purification process of the protein. Expression was done in E. coli BL21star, followed by cell lysis of the wet pellet, centrifugation to separate the soluble and insoluble fractions, Inmobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) to purify the peptide alongside its tags, TEV protease cleavage to remove the tags, and desalting of the product to lyophilize it into the final pure protein. Purity itself was confirmed through SDS-PAGE and yields quantified with BCA assay. Finally, the bioactivity of the purified crotamine was evaluated using MTS cell viability assays on Human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells, human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells and human primary dermal fibroblasts (HDF-a). The results showed that the His6-MBP tag significantly increased the solubility of crotamine, obtaining 83% of the protein in the soluble fraction. However, purification of His6-MBP-Crotamine after TEV cleavage using IMAC proved difficult due to crotamine’s intrinsic affinity for the affinity column, resulting in low purity of 11% and an overall low yield of 44.4%, with a final amount of 4.44 mg/L of production. Meanwhile, the Tagless-Crotamine yielded the highest amount of protein, obtaining 17.71 mg/L between the soluble and insoluble fractions, with the purified insoluble fraction obtaining a purity of 85%. The bioactivity assays with the purified crotamine showed cytotoxicity towards HDF-a and Caco-2 cells, with no significant effect on MCF-7 cells, suggesting potential differences in activity compared to the native crotamine. The Tagless-Crotamine proved to be the most promising strategy as it offered higher yields, an easier purification process, and a bioactive crotamine; However, its effects on non-tumoral cells warrant further investigation into its structure and post-translational modifications to compare it with that of the native peptide. Still, this work provides a scalable approach for recombinant crotamine production that facilitates further research of the protein into its diverse therapeutic applications.
- Design for manufacturing and assembly of a multi material bioprinting system towards tissue engineering applications(2025-06-13) Lera Julián, Miguel Ángel; Martínez López, José Israel; emipsanchez; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; López Botello, Omar; Chuck Hernández, Cristina; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyLight-based techniques have great potential in bioprinting for tissue engineering, given their inherent advantages in high spatial resolution (10–100 μm) and improved cell viability (>85%) compared to traditional extrusion-based systems. However, current apparatuses found in the state of the art are limited in usability and functionality due to legacy single-material design constraints and the early development stage of photopolymerization-based bioprinters. As tissue constructs become increasingly complex, there is a need to establish a new framework for light-based equipment tailored to specific tissue engineering applications. This work presents the development of multi-material bioprinting equipment that integrates 4K digital light projection with an automated rotating four-vat system, enabling sequential use of bioinks with distinct mechanical and biochemical properties. For this endeavor, the scalability and manufacturability of the apparatus were addressed using Function Tree analysis, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), and Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFM&A) principles. These tools guided the definition of a feature set for meniscal tissue regeneration, including layered constructs with stiffness gradients and bioactive cues. The system was designed in Fusion and fabricated using a combination of rapid prototyping techniques. This included the 3D printing of custom resin vats, CNC machining of structural elements, and the development of bespoke electronic components for control and actuation. Initial validation was carried out using a single-vat configuration and Anycubic clear photopolymer resin. Printing trials demonstrated the resolution capacity of the optical system and successful layer-by-layer polymerization using 405 nm light exposure. These results confirm the operational feasibility of the system and establish a baseline for future multi-material implementation using photocurable bioinks