Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Effect of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) on the extraction and profile of phenolic compounds from dandelion (taraxacum officinale)
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-10) Macías Muñoz, Luisa Fernanda; Alonzo Macías, Maritza; emipsanchez; Téllez Pérez, Carmen; Resendiz Vázquez, Juan Alberto; Rossi Márquez, Giovanna; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Cardador Martínez, Anaberta
The antioxidant capacity of food matrices is closely related to the presence and stability of bioactive compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. This study evaluated the effect of controlled instantaneous decompression technology (DIC) on the extraction of these compounds and the enhancement of antioxidant activity in dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) roots and leaves. Samples were subjected to DIC treatments with different saturated steam pressures (0.1-0.4 MPa) and processing times (5-90 s). Pareto diagrams and response surface methodology were used to evaluate the influence of pressure and time to optimize treatment conditions to maximize total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that intermediate DIC conditions (0.25 MPa, 20 s) significantly improved antioxidant activity, reaching a maximum of 86.17 M Trolox/g, approximately tripling the phenolic content compared to the control. The control samples exhibited an antioxidant activity of 65.26 M Trolox/g. In comparison, the highest values observed for DIC-treated samples were 34.31 M Trolox/g in roots and 9.86 M Trolox/g in leaves under treatment DIC (0.10 MPa, 20 s). HPLC-DAD analysis allowed the identification and quantification of various phenolic compounds in dandelion. Catechin was the most abundant compound detected in both tissues, reaching 1.99 mg/g in leaves and 5.35 mg/g in roots. These values correspond to a 1.9-fold increase in leaves under DIC (0.25 MPa, 20 s) and a 15-fold increase in roots under DIC (0.10 MPa, 20 s), compared to control samples. In addition, the DIC-treated samples showed the presence of phenolic compounds not detected in the raw materials, such as vanillic acid and trans-3-hydroxycinnamic acid. These results suggest that DIC favors the release of phenolic compounds by promoting cell wall disruption and improving solvent accessibility, without inducing their degradation under moderate conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of DIC technology as a sustainable and efficient alternative to improve the functional value of underutilized plant matrices, offering promising applications in the development of functional foods and nutraceutical products.
Effect of drying methods in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Chicozapote (Manilkara zapota): assessing antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-12-04) Rivas Gastélum, María Fernanda; Sánchez López, Angélica Lizeth; emipsanchez; Perfecto Avalos, Yocanxóchitl; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Guadalajara; García Amézquita, Luis Eduardo
Manilkara zapota “chicozapote” is an evergreen fruit tree belonging to the Sapotaceae family native to Yucatán and other areas adjacent to southern Mexico and Central America. In this research, different parts of chicozapote fruit (pulp, peel, and seeds) were submitted to different drying methods (lyophilization and oven-drying at 50°C) and compared to fresh samples to evaluate the effects the sample treatment has in the retrieve and extraction of bioactive compounds, as well as their significance in their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Sample characterization parameters were determined as follows: 76.24% in moisture, 19.51 in soluble solids, 4.46 in pH, 169.22 g average weight, 62.27 and 84.28 cm in diameter and length, 0.56 in titratable acidity, and 34.72 maturity index. A tracking of ripening for 6 days revealed that the acidity drops drastically at 5 days post-harvest, in contrast, soluble solids increase. 6 samples were obtained after the drying methods were applied (LPU: lyophilized pulp, OPU: Oven-dried pulp, LPE: lyophilized peel, OPE: Oven dried peel, LS: lyophilized seed, and OS: Oven-dried seed. Proximate composition was determined for each one of the samples, and ranges were as it follows in g/100g of DS: protein (4.34-5.1), ash (3.91-15.1), fat (0.71-16.09), total dietary fiber (31.61-64.88), and DC (7.12-45.92). Bioactive compounds extraction was performed by a solvent-mediated extraction with ethanol 70%. Yields (w/w, %) were between 79.5 and 5.69, being LPU the highest sample. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total condensed tannin (TCT) were determined. TPC GAE mg g-1 values were between 17.91 and 152.15; TFC QEE mg g-1 were from 9.3 to 202.37; and TCT +CAE mg g-1 were from 14.94 to 244.28, being LPE the richest in bioactive compounds in general. Antioxidant capacity through ABTS and DPPH assays were associated the bioactive compound content, which all samples ranged from 89.56 to 95.73% radical scavenger activity (RSA), except from seed samples. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) evaluated in the standard pathogens ranged from 198 to 1,000 µg/mL, except from seed, which had MICs > 1,000 in all microorganisms, LPE and FPE had the lowest average MIC with 330 and 397, respectively. Therefore, further studies were made with these two samples. Their antibiotic modulation effect and their synergistic interactions with different antibiotics (AB) were tested (ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline). Only FPE at MIC/4 probed a modulation effect of 5 in all AB, meaning that can decrease their MIC by 5 times. Additionally, it displayed a synergistic interaction with all of them, with a FIC of 0.45. Moreover, cellular assays to assess more extensively their potential. LPE demonstrated a selective cytotoxicity in Caco 2 cells (IC50 = 704 µg/mL), while both FPE and LPE were non-toxic in control cells. Furthermore, the cellular antioxidant activity indicated that both samples have a similar behavior towards their antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 177.3, and 133.1 µg/mL) for LPE and FPE, respectively. Finally, their anti-inflammatory potential was assessed, both samples were effective (IC50 = 24.91, and 24.85 µg/mL) for LPE and FPE, respectively. Therefore, sample treatment, especially drying method has a significant impact on their bioactive compounds profile and thereby affecting their biological activities.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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