Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Quality assessment and validation of digital PCR (dPCR) for grapevine virus diagnosis(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-11) Hernández Pérez, Daniella María Joselyn; Díaz Lara, Alfredo; emipsanchez; Carrillo Tripp, Jimena; Rodríguez García, Manuel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyGrapevine is a highly economically important crop in Mexico. However, it can be affected by several pathogens, including viruses that can cause significant crop losses. It is important to identify early the infected plants to manage the disease correctly and prevent economic losses. Traditional detection methods have drawbacks, such as limited sensibility and accuracy. Digital PCR (dPCR) is an innovative method that claims to be more sensitive and reproducible than the routine method for virus identification: quantitative PCR (qPCR). This study assesses reverse transcription dPCR (RT-dPCR) as a method for the detection and quantification of RNA grapevine viruses focusing on grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). This assessment was performed using positive controls and comparing the limit of detection (LoD) results of RT-dPCR against the results obtained by RT-qPCR. ANOVA results showed that the PCR technique (RT-dPCR or RT-qPCR) and the virus (GVA, GLFV, GPGV, and GLRaV-3) were statistically significant in the results of the comparison of LoD. Furthermore, the replicates were non-significant according to ANOVA, showing high repeatability in both RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR. Tukey test demonstrated that RT-dPCR is significantly more sensitive than RT-qPCR, with a statistically reliable difference of 95% trust, especially in low-viral-load viruses such GPGV, which detection showed also to be statistically different than the other viruses. Additionally, a field study was performed to identify the presence or absence of each virus in 45 grapevine samples evaluated with RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR. Several false negative results were generated by RT-qPCR, which only reported positive results to 62.5% of the GVA infected samples, 85.7% of the samples contaminated with GLRaV-3, 38.9% of GPGV positive samples and for GFLV only 12.5% of the infected samples were identified. These results confirm the effectiveness of RT-dPCR as a sensitive method for RNA virus detection in grapevine, enabling early diagnosis and optimal management of viral infections in grapevine crops.
- Circular economy: Tequila vinasse treatment for upcycling and downcycling(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-04) Ramos Reyes, María Fernanda; Gradilla Hernández, Misael Sebastián; Tuesta Popolizio, Diego A.; García Garcia, Christian Enrique; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; González López, Martin EstebanTequila is one of Mexico's most iconic distilled beverages, with a steadily growing industry that also embodies a significant cultural legacy. However, most tequila producers in the country face challenges in managing the waste generated during production due to the high costs of treatment and the low economic returns from by-products. This thesis begins by exploring the intricate relationships between tequila production and various industrial, environmental, and governmental sectors through a comprehensive mapping process. The second section examines the production of distillates, including bioethanol, tequila, and other alcoholic beverages, focusing on the treatment of substantial liquid waste known as vinasse, which is produced at a rate of 10-15 liters per liter of distilled product. This waste presents critical environmental challenges, such as eutrophication, soil pollution, and toxicity. A systematic review conducted in this thesis evaluates various pathways for valorizing distillery vinasse. The review includes 72 treatments involving ethanol industry vinasse, tequila vinasse, and their combinations with agro-industrial residues, categorized into three main valorization strategies: waste-to-energy, waste-to-food, and waste-to-product. Biotechnological treatments, such as two-stage anaerobic digestion and fungal anaerobic fermentation, achieved the highest yields and product diversity. Moreover, bacterial processes demonstrated significant potential for producing high-value products like polymers, enzymes, and proteins. The third part of this thesis is about an aerobic treatment in co-cultures and monocultures using strains like C. utilis, R. mucilaginosa, K. marxianus, A. niger, A. oryzae, and R. oligosporus were explored for contaminant removal and high-protein biomass production. The C. utilis and A. oryzae co-culture generated the best results at the tube scale, showing remotion up to 63.52% TN removal, 86.87% P removal, and 46.21% COD removal over 72 hours in the benchtop scale. A kinetic study modeled biomass growth using a biphasic Zwietering-modified Gompertz model, achieving a maximum protein of 47.27 g kg⁻¹. The thesis also explores other high-value products using this substrate, such as phenols, and the importance of these remotions.
- Tocopherol contribution to the resistance against storage pest Prostephanus truncatus in maize(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Aguirre Espinoza, Carlos; García Lara, Silverio; emimmayorquin; Mora Vásquez, Soledad; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Gonzalez Rodriguez, America TzitzikiProstephanus truncatus infestation can cause losses as high as 80% on stored maize. Sources of resistance against this pest are related to the antioxidant capacity of the pericarp and aleurone layer structures, mainly due to phenolic acids content and their derivatives. Nonetheless, there is not enough information about the germ structure or the liposoluble antioxidants, such as tocopherols. To determine the contribution of tocopherols and liposoluble antioxidant capacity to the resistance against P. truncatus, thirteen genotypes of maize were tested in two confined bioassays (n=3). The first was to assess the susceptibility of each genotype. The second was with the enriched structure of the germ to gather information on damage and development of P. truncatus on this structure. Seven susceptibility parameters were recorded 7 and 60 days after infestation, and ten genotypes were selected based on a Susceptibility Selection Index, with five recognized as resistant and five as susceptible. HPLC-FLD was used to determine the content of tocopherols (δT, γT, and αT), and an ORAC assay was performed to measure the lipophilic antioxidant capacity among the ten genotypes selected. All Population 84 genotypes exhibited less damage by P. truncatus and were categorized as resistant. Three Population 84 genotypes were selected: P84C0Y (SI = 0.17), P84C4W (SI = 0.27; highest tocopherol content, 39.58 mg/kg; high L-AC, 429.04 μmol TE/g), and P84C4Y (SI = 0.51). Two selected genotypes previously recognized as susceptible were classified as resistant: Pink Creole (SI = 0.39; high tocopherol content 39.40 mg/kg; highest L-AC, 488.30 μmol TE/g) and Don Goyo (SI = 0.55). The most susceptible genotype was Red Creole (SI = 3.56; lowest L-AC, 205.48 μmol TE/g), the remaining 4 susceptible varieties selected were Peru2 (SI = 1.23), NAYA29B (SI = 1.07), Panchito (SI = 1.00; lowest tocopherol content, 11.21 mg/kg; low L-AC, 250.4 μmol TE/g), and Pozolero (SI = 0.97). Additionally, a strong correlation (p > 0.01) demonstrated that a short-length bioassay (7 days) can be comparable to a full-length bioassay (60 days). Both can measure a genotype susceptibility to P. truncatus based on weight loss, but only a full-length bioassay can provide information on adult emergence.
- Characterization of potential probiotic and postbiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from sourdough(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12-02) Caamaño Granados, Ana María; García Cayuela, Tomás; emipsanchez; Rodríguez Martínez, Verónica; García Gamboa, Ricardo; Ménde Galarraga, M. Paula; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyFermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from sourdough have been studied due to their technological and functional properties. LAB isolates from fermented food, such as sourdough, can have both probiotic and postbiotic potential. This work aimed to evaluate the probiotic and postbiotic potential of 18 LAB isolates obtained from spontaneous sourdough fermentation (BIOTEC collection) and compare them to commercial probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. The probiotic screening was done with auto- and co-aggregation, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial activity, and resistance to simulated digestion tests. Results suggest that the probiotic properties of the BIOTEC isolates are comparable to those of L. reuteri DSM 17938. Companilactobacillus paralimentarius BIOTEC031 excelled in all probiotic property assays. According to statistical analysis, 8 selected isolates exhibited representative probiotic properties of the BIOTEC isolates studied. From the selected BIOTEC isolates, live, pasteurized, and sterilized freeze-dried formulations at 40 mg/mL were prepared. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the 24 formulations was evaluated with ABTS inhibition, DPPH inhibition, in vitro hyaluronidase inhibition, and nitric oxide radical scavenging capacity assays. The BIOTEC live, pasteurized, and sterilized formulations exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity to a certain extent. However, the inactivated formulations overcame the live formulation, implying their postbiotic potential. The sterilized formulations had the highest percentages. Companilactobacillus paralimentarius BIOTEC033 in its pasteurized and sterilized forms performed notably well. It is hypothesized that the inactivation method can affect an isolate’s biological activity, is certain properties were enhanced after heat treatment. However, more research and clinical evidence are needed to categorize the LAB BIOTEC isolates as probiotics or postbiotics. Nevertheless, the BIOTEC isolates and their freeze-dried formulations have potential applications in the food, supplement, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
- Natural extract rich in betalains and polyphenols from Bougainvillea glabra bracts as natural pigments with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-29) Leal Alcazar, Mariana Cristina; Luna Vital, Diego Armando; emipsanchez; Mata Gómez, Marco Arnulfo; Escalante Aburto, Anayansi; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Rocha Pizaña, María del RefugioBetalains are a group of nitrogenous compounds produced by plants of the Caryophyllales order, as secondary metabolites derived from betalamic acid, characterized by their vibrant coloration in fruits, bracts, and leaves (red-violet, yellow). Their technological importance relies on their role as natural pigments, and high bioactivity potential (free-radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, gene regulators, and anti-diabetic properties), however, betalain sources have been limited to widely studied Beta vulgaris (beetroot). Polyphenols are the most abundant secondary metabolites and are characterized by a phenolic ring linked to a hydroxyl group in a complex structure, they can be found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. They are widely recognized as pigments with antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation activity, and a strong association with the gut microbiome. Bougainvillea glabra is an ornamental species of the family Nyctaginaceae, widely cultivated in Latin America, characterized for its intense bract coloration, still, its application as a functional ingredient and bioactive compound source remains understudied. The primary objective of the investigation was to evaluate the biological and technological potential of an extract rich in betalains and phenolic compounds from the industrially underexploited bracts of Bougainvillea glabra. B. glabra extract (BGE) was obtained using solid-liquid ultrasound-assisted extraction. The total betalain content in BGE was 0.118 mg total betalain content (TBC) per mg of bract powder, while the total polyphenol content was determined as 0.002 mg of TPC per meg of bract powder. The identification of phytochemicals was performed by UPLC chromatography linked to mass spectrometry in both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis. BGE scavenged ABTS radical with inhibition (p < 0.05) values ranging from 149-180 μM Trolox equivalents, an α-amylase test inhibition revealed a 27.9 % inhibition (p < 0.05) by BGE at 5 mg/mL. BGE had selective cytotoxicity effects of 30% GIE (growth inhibitory effect) on the Caco-2 cell line. BGE showed synergistic in vitro effects with cisplatin on Caco-2 cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy processes.
