Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Characterization of arc extinction in direct current residential circuit breakers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-15) Bautista Cruz, Julio César; Viramontes Brown, Federico Ángel; Rivera Solorio, Carlos Iván; Gutiérrez Villanueva, Efrain; Suarez Guevara, José CarlosBreak the current in a direct current (DC) network is a challenging theme since the current does not exhibit a zero crossing point, making it difficult to interrupt. Regardless of the method, the physical effect of switching is the formation of an electric arc, causing high levels of temperature, strong magnetic fields, current of several tens of KA, added to mechanical stress and overpressure on the walls. Due to this reason, physical phenomena should be studied to determine a suitable design. This thesis starts by understanding the arc in alternating current (AC), then proceeds to DC. A theoretical description of the electric arc is outlined, based on plasma physics. The Magneto-Hydrodynamic (MHD) model is proposed, which allows modeling a plasma as an electric fluid, allowing coupling the equations of fluid mechanics and magnetic fields.
- Operation of a photovoltaic system in the mexican electricity market(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-15) Gutiérrez Andrews, Carlos Alberto; Viramontes Brown, Federico Ángel; Hernández Ramírez, José Martín; Llamas Terrés, Armando Rafael; Gutiérrez Villanueva, EfrainTaking as a study case a Photovoltaic (PV) System installed in the Development and Innovation Center of Schneider Electric a whole study was realized. The main objective was to analyze the operation of a PV system in the Mexican Electricity Market and develop tools that can make easier to evaluate the performance of the installation. It produces less than 0.5 MW, in the current regulation is consider as Distributed Generation (DG). This kind of Power Plants (PP) can be interconnected to the grid and the owner has three contract options: Net Metering, Net Billing and Total Sale of Energy. In this case the better is Net Metering because the building consumes all the energy produced, but by having a contract with a supplier this field could earn Clean Energy Certificates (CEL). Three tools were developed to evaluate the economic and technical performance. The first tool is to graph the downloaded data acquired by the monitoring system. That daily data cannot be graph as detailed by the inverter’s provided interface after a day as if the user downloads the information. The second tool is required to find the greatest values of Irradiance, Temperature or Power in a month. When this tool is feed with the files of the month, each file will be paste in a new Excel workbook’s sheet, but in the first sheet the user, has a recapitulation per day of the greatest values. With all this ordered information could be prepare a generation profile of the area, and that stats can be used in future investment decision and forecasting. Finally, the third tool is dedicated to calculated financial indicators such as Payback and IRR. Some scenarios were studied and after applying some stimulus offered by the government that are reflected in the taxes payment, better results were obtained. With this tool is possible run scenarios and evaluate the profitability of new investments.
- Effect of electromagnetic fields in the process of arc extinction in molded case circuit breakers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-15) Chávez Campos, David Alejandro; Viramontes Brown, Federico Ángel; Gutiérrez Villanueva, Efraín; Gutiérrez Villanueva, Efrain; Valerio Lejia, José de JesúsThe new computational tools developed in the last decade are a great contribution to solve complex problems related to the design of circuit breakers. In the past, the experimental research was almost the unique way to improve this kind of technology, a lot of tests were made at laboratories and it was so expensive. Finite Element Analysis made possible to simulate scenarios and develop new technology supporting experimental test and decreasing the number of experimental essays. This thesis proposes the analysis of a module of arc extinction of a Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) by using Finite Element Method (FEM) software. In this work, the Lorentz force that moves the arc to the arc chutes and lets the elimination of the electric arc is calculated and a model is proposed that determines the contribution of each element of the MCCB to increase or align this magnetic force at the arc. The characteristics of the arc chute are reviewed too, the features analyzed were: the shape of plates, the material used in their fabrication, the influence of the number of plates in the Lorentz forces, and the variation of the distance between plates. The contribution to the Lorentz forces at the arc of the main elements of the module of arc extinction is shown in this work. It is also determined the configurations that allow a better design in the construction of arc chutes. As results, we obtain that the main purpose of the cheeks in the MCCB arc module extinction is to align the magnetic field in the arc. All other steel components increase the Lorentz force in it, accelerating the process of extinction. The best material to increase the magnetic forces is the AFK1 due to its high level of magnetic saturation but this material is so expensive. As a conclusion of this work, we obtain a methodology to design and calculate the effects of the magnetic fields in the arc produced in the chamber extinction of the MCCB.
- Pronósticos de venta de energía en el nuevo mercado eléctrico mexicano para modelo de oportunidad del parque fotovoltaico Schneider Electric PIIT operando con baterías(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-14) Jorge Armando Orozco Martínez; Llamas Terrés, Armando Rafael; Viramontes Brown, Federico Ángel; Gutiérrez Villanueva, Efraín; Hernández Ramírez, José Martin; Viramontes Brown, Federico ÁngelLa generación de electricidad por medio de paneles fotovoltaicos se presenta a nivel mundial como una de las alternativas más adecuadas debido a la necesidad de disponer de una fuente de energía limpia y compatible con el medio ambiente. Este proyecto implica entender todo el panorama del nuevo mercado eléctrico, para establecer bajo que modalidades puede participar la compañía Schneider Electric PIIT con su parque fotovoltaico, y bajo cuál esquema sería más conveniente vender su energía producida. El precio al que se paga la energía en el nuevo mercado se le llama “Precio Marginal Local” el cuál varia cada hora y cada día, debido a esto es necesario establecer pronósticos y dimensionar un banco de baterías, para tener un control respecto a qué hora vender la energía (cuando el precio es punta) y cuando cargar banco de baterías (cuando el precio es bajo). Se estudiaron todas la implicaciones que trajo consigo los nuevos reglamentos con respecto a la nueva reforma energética del 2014 y el nuevo mercado eléctrico planteado con esta, analizando a detalle la Ley de la Industria Eléctrica (LIE) publicada en agosto del 2014, la Ley de la Transición Energética (LTE) publicada en diciembre 2015, los Diarios Oficiales de la Federación (DOF’s) que relacionan directamente los temas de generación distribuida (generación con capacidad menor a 500kW de capacidad) siendo estos: “Manual de Interconexión de Centrales de Generación con Capacidad menor a 0.5 MW” publicado en Diciembre del 2016, “disposiciones administrativas de carácter general, los modelos de contrato, la metodología de cálculo de contraprestación y las especificaciones técnicas generales, aplicables a las centrales eléctricas de generación distribuida y generación limpia distribuida” publicado en Marzo del 2017, “Las Bases del Mercado Eléctrico” publicadas en septiembre del 2015 y también el DOF que establece las bases de los Certificados de Energías Limpias (CELs) “criterios para el otorgamiento de Certificados de Energías Limpias y los requisitos para su adquisición.” Publicado en octubre del 2014. Además, también fue necesario estudiar otros documentos relacionados con el nuevo mercado eléctrico publicados de manera extraoficial para tener otras perspectivas y un entendimiento más claro de varios conceptos, como los publicados por la empresa “PWC México”. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación ofrecen la oportunidad de analizar a detalle la posibilidad de verificar la factibilidad o no, de participar en el nuevo mercado eléctrico mexicano con un parque fotovoltaico operando con un banco de baterías ofertando en horas estimadas con precios elevados, a través de, la implementación de pronósticos.