Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Shotgun metagenomic analysis of methanogenic communities and physicochemical profiling of cattle manure fractions(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-07-29) Carrasco Morales, Oscar; Sharma, Ashutosh; emipsanchez; Iglesias Rodríguez, Dianella; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Querétaro; Bonet Garcia, NeusDairy farms are integral to food security and economic sustainability; however, they can also represent a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient losses, particularly in the form of methane (CH₄). In Mexico, manure management practices vary widely. Solid-liquid separation is increasingly adopted due to its recognition as one of the most effective upstream operations for GHG emissions mitigation from manure management, producing a nutrient-rich solid fraction and a liquid fraction suitable for fertilization. However, storing the liquid fraction for extended periods, particularly in large lagoons, can lead to anaerobic conditions conducive to CH4 production. A comprehensive physicochemical and microbiological assessment was performed on manure (BM) and its solid (SF) and liquid (LF) fractions. Metagenomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the dynamics of microbial communities related to methanogenesis. Total organic carbon (TOC) was identified as the only significant (PERMANOVA, p < 0.001) physicochemical parameter. SF and BM were primarily associated with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, whereas both hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis were observed in LF. The acetoclastic pathway in LF was primarily attributed to the predominance of Methanothrix in the lagoons, which develops over a longer period than hydrogenotrophic methanogens and is characterized by maintaining low acetate concentrations. This study provides a baseline characterization of manure fractions from the Agricultural Experimental Center of Tecnológico de Monterrey (CAETEC), Mexico, as a first step towards identifying physicochemical parameters and microbial populations essential for evaluating potential manure management alternatives to mitigate CH₄ emissions.
- Analysis of microRNAs and metabolomic profiling of two different populations of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) from Mexico(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-11-24) Reyes Pérez, Paula Roxana; Sharma, Ashutosh; tolmquevedo; Angulo Bejarano, Paola Isabel; Castillo Maldonado, Iraís; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Paul, SujayAzadirachta indica, common name neem, is an evergreen tree with potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism, osteoporosis, and a mosquito repellent; These properties are due to its rich content in phytochemicals. In Mexico, it is established in more than 12 states, but there are no previous reports of phytochemical content for Mexican neem populations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, non-coding, short RNA molecules that play important regulatory roles in plant development and metabolism, including the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The aim of the present work was to identify and characterize the miRNAs and their targets involved in the production of secondary metabolites in A. indica, employing a high stringent genome-wide computational-based approach, and following a set of strict filtering norms, followed by experimental validation. As well, to perform the metabolomic profile of two Mexican A. indica samples through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Thus, a total of 44 potential A. indica miRNAs belonging to 21 families and their corresponding 48 potential target transcripts were identified. Relevant targets included Squamosa promoter binding protein-like proteins, NAC, Scarecrow proteins, Auxin response factor, and F-box proteins. Some of the identified miRNAs showed to be involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and terpenoids. Gene network analysis was developed to understand the miRNA mediated gene regulation. As well, conservation and phylogenetic studies showed high conservation of miRNA precursors with homologs in other important plant models. Moreover, nine selected miRNAs were experimentally validated by amplification via RT-PCR, and five miRNAs involved in secondary metabolism (ain-miR156l, ain-miR160, ain-miR164, ain-miR171, and ain- vi miR395) were validated by qPCR and their specific differential expression pattern was observed in Queretaro and Chiapas samples. As well, hexane, acetone and methanol extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and 29 compounds were identified, including relevant phenolic compounds, terpenes, vitamins and fatty acids with reported biological activities. Similarly, UHPL-QTOF-MS analysis revealed that methanolic extracts of A. indica from Queretaro and Chiapas presented differential metabolic profiles according to Principal Component Analysis. Among the preliminary compounds identified, flavonoids and triterpenes of pharmacological importance.
- Metabolomic Profiling, miRNAs Analysis and Molecular Docking of Two Different Populations of the Genus Galphimia(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06-15) Sanchez Garza, Betsabe; SHARMA, ASHUTOSH; 398262; Sharma, Ashutosh; RR; Paul, Sujay; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Querétaro; Angulo Bejarano, Paola IsabelGalphimia glauca (Cav.) Kuntze is medicinal plant from Mexican origin that belongs to the Malpighiaceae family, important in traditional medicine for its popular use in treating disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS) such as anxiety. Geographically, the 22 species of Galphimia spp. are widely distributed all over Mexico and G. glauca, is distributed in 8 states. Plants respond to their environment by generating different phytochemicals to withstand both biotic and abiotic stress and, previous studies demonstrated that population from Guanajuato has been identified as producing the main compound with anxiolytic activity, Galphimine B that belongs to a group of nor-seco triterpenes: galphimines (A-I); while a population of San Luis Potosí shows an absence of these compounds. In the present study, a differential phytochemical profile of the compounds present in producer (P) and non-producer (NP) populations from the Galphimia genus, was obtained. As a result, the P population exhibited a higher amount of triterpene compounds compared to the NP population, which presented higher number of polyphenol compounds, as revealed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Multivariate analysis from GC-MS data demonstrated two different clusters of compounds, according to their level of correlations between chemical classes, supporting the previous categorization of P and NP. The confirmatory analysis done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), corroborated this categorization, where the P samples pesented the characteristic galphimine peaks, which were not present in NP samples. Further metabolomic analysis done by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-spectrometry of mass (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), complemented the information obtained by the GC-MS analysis, and revealed two compounds involved in the triterpenoid synthesis. To understand the genetic regulation in both populations, a miRNAs analysis was performed. As a result, 2 possible miRNAs were obsereved expressing higher levels in P producer in relation with NP population, targeting gene expression [Terpene synthases (TPSs) and Farnesyl Diphosphate synthases (FDS)] for the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways. The results obtained from the metabolomic analysis were utilized for in silico prediction of chemical-medicinal mechanisms from P population, in which tree phytochemical compounds from the P population (β-sitosterol, Vitamin E and Galphimine B) were predicted to have a fair affinity for their respective target proteins assed by molecular docking, the obtained results will serve to the understanding of the effects on CNS and anti-inflammatory response. The integrated information in the present study would serve for further validation of phytochemical compounds, as well as a basis for the future studies in Galphimia glauca such as the relation between transcriptome and metabolomic profiles by using the provided miRNAs regulation information as a scaffold, with future application in with in the design of new biotechnological strategies to exploit this plant.