Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Postbiotic effect evaluation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v lysates obtained through ultrasonication against common skin pathogenic bacteria(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-12-18) Gutiérrez Prieto, Blanca; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; tolmquevedo; González-Valdez, José; Benavides Lozano, Jorge; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThe skin microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms that reside on the human skin. There’s an important equilibrium and protection relationship among these microorganisms and the skin that is achieved through metabolite production, immunomodulation and colonization. Microbiota alterations result in dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial communities that is associated with the development of cutaneous diseases such as acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and impetigo. To recover the skin equilibrium, probiotic bacteria and postbiotic use are attractive approaches because of their role in disease modulation through possible elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Since postbiotics are molecules such as enzymes, proteins and soluble factors produced or released by the probiotic bacteria metabolism, there is less associated risk in comparison with administrating live bacteria through exogenous applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of postbiotics obtained from L. acidophilus and L. plantarum 299v lysates against the common skin pathogens Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Lysates were obtained through ultrasonication (US) alone or a combination and freeze-thawing and US (FT+US). Antimicrobial activity of lysates, supernatants, non-lysed and heat-killed cells was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and total protein of the lysates was quantified using the Bicinchoninic Acid assay. In this work, results confirm the significant antimicrobial activity of the ultrasonicated lysates of L. acidophilus against S. aureus and C. acnes, while L. plantarum 299 lysates only showed an effect against C. acnes. Also, the presence of acids is directly correlated with the formation of inhibition zones for L. plantarum 299v pH 3.8 supernatant. Lysates result in a complete loss of antimicrobial activity after heating at 80°C for 1.5 h, which suggests a possible denaturalization of antimicrobial peptides. It is concluded L. acidophilus and L. plantarum 299v postbiotics obtained through cellular lysis using sonication present a strain dependent antimicrobial effect that could be applied to prevent skin diseases such as acne vulgaris and atopic dermatitis.
- Effect of a high protein diet from a vegetal and animal source on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis in a murine model(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-12-18) Sánchez Cisneros, Mayra Selene; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; hermlugo/tolmquevedo; Morales Medina, Julio César; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Serna Saldívar, Sergio Román OthónThe gut-brain axis is a complex bidirectional communication system that allows an intimate connection between both organs through different mechanisms. Recent studies regarding the gut microbiota now support its prominent role in modifying behavior and cognition. As consequence, there has been a growing interest in studying various dietary strategies to modulate behavior targeting the gut microbiota. High protein diets, both of plant and animal origin, have become popular as a dietary intervention due to their beneficial effects on metabolism; however, in high amounts, harmful effects on the intestinal microbiota can occur, so this type of diet is still a matter of debate. The present work aims to investigate whether diets high in protein from either plant or animal origin are capable of inducing changes in the gut-brain axis in a murine model. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three treatment groups (n = 10 per group) and were fed a normal control diet (NC) or hyper-protein diets of plant (HPV) or animal (HPA) origin for 8 weeks, being monitored by weight, behavior and composition of the microbiota. The behavior analysis was carried out at the end of the dietary intervention using three behavioral tests: elevated plus maze test, 'Y' shaped maze, and forced swimming test. Different levels of activity with statistical significance (p<0.05) were present in all tests, except from the ‘Y’ shaped maze. Following dietary intervention, changes in the concentration of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium (p<0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p<0.05) were measured by quantitative PCR. Contrastingly, a significant reduction in the concentration of short chain fatty acids (p<0.05) was found on the luminal contents of mice, a measurement done via Gas Chromatography. The results of this research will allow to make more careful recommendations in the undertaking of dietary interventions with a greater contribution of protein in relation to other macronutrients.
- High-Protein Diets Effect on Metabolic Profiles, Gut Microbiota and Inflammation Markers in a Murine Model(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-12-18) Bárcena Lozano, Laura; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; tolmquevedo; Zabala Arcos, Judith; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Serna Saldívar, Sergio OthónDietary food is a key factor that limits the composition of microbial communities in the gut. Extreme diets cause a gut microbiota dysbiosis, modifying immunological markers and being able to produce inflammation in diverse organs. Specialized diets for losing weight and gaining muscle mass, and a raising economical support to obtain meat products in the market have doubled the recommended protein consumption amongst the population. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effects over metabolic profiles, gut microbial communities and inflammation markers that a high-protein diet, vegetal- and animal- based, can cause in a murine model. 27 male mice of 17 weeks of life (Mus musculus C57BL/6) divided in 3 groups: 1) vegetal, 2) animal and 3) standard were fed ad libitum with a high-protein diet (25- 30 %) for 7.5 weeks, following the directions of CICUAL and the Vivarium of Tecnológico de Monterrey. Mice were weighted every week. After the experimental phase, epididymal fat was measured in every group. Also, cecum samples were analysed by qPCR to evaluate the changes in gut microbiota (total bacteria, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacteria). Blood samples were collected to obtain serum, and the inflammation markers TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 and were analysed by Milliplex® MAP technology and the CRP by ELISA. The statistical tool Minitab® was used to process the results through ANOVA and transforming the data when necessary. Vegetal-based protein diet individuals had more epididymal fat than the rest of the groups. Moreover, they showed a higher IL-10 production as well as the CG. Nevertheless, microbial communities were compromised in the animal-based protein diet, showing signs of dysbiosis, although not presenting excessive production of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, metabolism of a protein excess with similar amino acid profile may have negative consequences in amino acid utilization and formation of by-products, gut microbiota profiles and inflammation in gut depending on the protein source.
- Study of vegetal and animal high protein-based diets on a human gastrointestinal ex vivo model over gut microbiota composition (Probiotics and Enterobacteria) and metabolites profile (biogenic amines and fatty acids).(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06-11) Castaño Sánchez, Karen; CASTAÑO SANCHEZ, KAREN; 884718; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; hermlugo/puemcuervo; Chuck Hernández, Cristina; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Serna Saldívar, SergioFor the last years, the trend of high protein diets (HPD) has been widely adopted by the general population as well as by recreational and professional athletes as a strategy to lose weight and gain muscle mass. Nevertheless, during this type of diet a relatively high amount of protein could reach the large intestine, increasing protein fermentation by gut microbiota, which in contrast to carbohydrate fermentation, potentially leads to dysbiosis because of the concomitant reduction of beneficial microbial metabolites (e.g. Short-chain fatty acids) and the increase in the production of harmful ones, such as biogenic amines. These compounds derived from amino acid decarboxylation, have mainly been investigated in fermented foods. However, recently its production by human isolated bacteria has been discovered. The objectives of this work were to study the effect of animal and vegetal high protein diets on probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and Enterobacteria concentrations as well as the evaluation of short and branched chain fatty acids, and biogenic amines (putrescine, tyramine, cadaverine, and histamine), on an ex vivo model of the human gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, three human digestive simulators (ARIS, CIATEJ) were inoculated with human microbiota, and after that, fed with three diets for a period of 24 days. The diets consisted of two high-protein diets (50% protein, 30%, carbohydrates, and 20% fat), either with an animal or vegetal protein, and a control diet (19% protein, 56 % carbohydrates, and 25% fat). The vegetal protein isolate consisted of a mixture of black bean protein, obtained through alkaline extraction and acid precipitation procedure, and corn protein (zein). Whereas, the animal protein was obtained from freeze-dried and defatted (with hexane) beef. The amino acid profile of the dehydrated beef was used to formulate a vegetal protein with a similar amino acid profile. Samples from the digestors corresponding to the large intestine were collected every 72 h and stored at -20°C until gas chromatography analysis (short and branched chain fatty acids), HPLC analysis (biogenic amines), and Real-time qPCR (bacteria concentration). The production, at the end of the fermentation (24 day), of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) was higher in the section of the descending colon of the three diets evaluated. In this regard, acetic and butyric acid were the main SCFA produced in the animal protein-based diet. Whereas, butyric acid was the main SCFA in the vegetal protein-based diet. On the other hand, both diets led to similar concentrations of BCFA, caproic, and valeric acid from which the last one, was the acid mostly produced in both diets. Regarding biogenic amines ,both high protein diets lead to similar concentrations, and the main amines were putrescine and cadaverine. Finally, the probiotics concentrations ended (24 day) with similar concentrations in both colon segments of the three diets, and the same was observed with the concentration of Enterobacteria. In this respect, among the bacteria evaluated, the concentrations of Enterobacteria showed the highest decrease in comparison to the probiotics in both colon segments of the three diets.