Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
Browse
Search Results
- Effect of a high protein diet from a vegetal and animal source on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain axis in a murine model(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-12-18) Sánchez Cisneros, Mayra Selene; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; hermlugo/tolmquevedo; Morales Medina, Julio César; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Serna Saldívar, Sergio Román OthónThe gut-brain axis is a complex bidirectional communication system that allows an intimate connection between both organs through different mechanisms. Recent studies regarding the gut microbiota now support its prominent role in modifying behavior and cognition. As consequence, there has been a growing interest in studying various dietary strategies to modulate behavior targeting the gut microbiota. High protein diets, both of plant and animal origin, have become popular as a dietary intervention due to their beneficial effects on metabolism; however, in high amounts, harmful effects on the intestinal microbiota can occur, so this type of diet is still a matter of debate. The present work aims to investigate whether diets high in protein from either plant or animal origin are capable of inducing changes in the gut-brain axis in a murine model. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three treatment groups (n = 10 per group) and were fed a normal control diet (NC) or hyper-protein diets of plant (HPV) or animal (HPA) origin for 8 weeks, being monitored by weight, behavior and composition of the microbiota. The behavior analysis was carried out at the end of the dietary intervention using three behavioral tests: elevated plus maze test, 'Y' shaped maze, and forced swimming test. Different levels of activity with statistical significance (p<0.05) were present in all tests, except from the ‘Y’ shaped maze. Following dietary intervention, changes in the concentration of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium (p<0.05) and Enterobacteriaceae (p<0.05) were measured by quantitative PCR. Contrastingly, a significant reduction in the concentration of short chain fatty acids (p<0.05) was found on the luminal contents of mice, a measurement done via Gas Chromatography. The results of this research will allow to make more careful recommendations in the undertaking of dietary interventions with a greater contribution of protein in relation to other macronutrients.
- Study of vegetal and animal high protein-based diets on a human gastrointestinal ex vivo model over gut microbiota composition (Probiotics and Enterobacteria) and metabolites profile (biogenic amines and fatty acids).(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-06-11) Castaño Sánchez, Karen; CASTAÑO SANCHEZ, KAREN; 884718; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; hermlugo/puemcuervo; Chuck Hernández, Cristina; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Serna Saldívar, SergioFor the last years, the trend of high protein diets (HPD) has been widely adopted by the general population as well as by recreational and professional athletes as a strategy to lose weight and gain muscle mass. Nevertheless, during this type of diet a relatively high amount of protein could reach the large intestine, increasing protein fermentation by gut microbiota, which in contrast to carbohydrate fermentation, potentially leads to dysbiosis because of the concomitant reduction of beneficial microbial metabolites (e.g. Short-chain fatty acids) and the increase in the production of harmful ones, such as biogenic amines. These compounds derived from amino acid decarboxylation, have mainly been investigated in fermented foods. However, recently its production by human isolated bacteria has been discovered. The objectives of this work were to study the effect of animal and vegetal high protein diets on probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and Enterobacteria concentrations as well as the evaluation of short and branched chain fatty acids, and biogenic amines (putrescine, tyramine, cadaverine, and histamine), on an ex vivo model of the human gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, three human digestive simulators (ARIS, CIATEJ) were inoculated with human microbiota, and after that, fed with three diets for a period of 24 days. The diets consisted of two high-protein diets (50% protein, 30%, carbohydrates, and 20% fat), either with an animal or vegetal protein, and a control diet (19% protein, 56 % carbohydrates, and 25% fat). The vegetal protein isolate consisted of a mixture of black bean protein, obtained through alkaline extraction and acid precipitation procedure, and corn protein (zein). Whereas, the animal protein was obtained from freeze-dried and defatted (with hexane) beef. The amino acid profile of the dehydrated beef was used to formulate a vegetal protein with a similar amino acid profile. Samples from the digestors corresponding to the large intestine were collected every 72 h and stored at -20°C until gas chromatography analysis (short and branched chain fatty acids), HPLC analysis (biogenic amines), and Real-time qPCR (bacteria concentration). The production, at the end of the fermentation (24 day), of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) was higher in the section of the descending colon of the three diets evaluated. In this regard, acetic and butyric acid were the main SCFA produced in the animal protein-based diet. Whereas, butyric acid was the main SCFA in the vegetal protein-based diet. On the other hand, both diets led to similar concentrations of BCFA, caproic, and valeric acid from which the last one, was the acid mostly produced in both diets. Regarding biogenic amines ,both high protein diets lead to similar concentrations, and the main amines were putrescine and cadaverine. Finally, the probiotics concentrations ended (24 day) with similar concentrations in both colon segments of the three diets, and the same was observed with the concentration of Enterobacteria. In this respect, among the bacteria evaluated, the concentrations of Enterobacteria showed the highest decrease in comparison to the probiotics in both colon segments of the three diets.