Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Power grid optimization at macroscopic level: a WEF Nexus perspective for Monterrey metropolitan area(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-12) Cantú Hernández, Rodrigo Alejandro; MAHLKNECHT, JURGEN; 120939; Mahlknecht, Jürgen; emipsanchez; Chuck Hernández, Cristina Elizabeth; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; González Bravo, RamónThis project aims to develop an optimization approach to evaluate the associated systems’ power demand, including the residential, commercial, industrial, public, and agricultural users, based on the Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEF nexus) perspective. The context for this project is the landscape of the WEF nexus involving the production and distribution of their corresponding goods under which the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) operates. This is an important case study due to the area’s contribution to the country’s development, it being Mexico’s main industrial hub. Previous efforts have only focused on the water sector concerning the other two and the food sector with the energy sector. The proposed approach seeks to identify the interrelationships among the three sectors to evaluate priorities in the management of natural resources and create a pathway to understand the dynamics of the interlinks within the conflicting resources with the energy sector as the focal point. With that said, the focus of this project is to propose an off-grid power optimization model emphasizing the integration of the water, energy, and food sectors to promote a diverse, reliable, sustainable, and sufficient grid. The proposed mathematical model accounts for economic and environmental objectives by including fixed and variable costs, optimal energy generation, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The most important contribution of the said model compared to other research efforts on the topic is the joint consideration of both fossil and renewable power generation technologies. All while implementing a granularity that covers: the different macroscopic tariffs and consumer segments in which both the energy and water are organized at a regional level for purposes of demand quantification and pricing calculation, the various possible cooling technologies that would be used in the appropriate power generation technologies to calculate water consumption, additional water consumption coefficients that describe the different food products that are produced in the region, additional wind and solar radiation averages per municipality, per month for the calculation of the eolic, photovoltaic and thermosolar technologies. Lastly, although possible, the off-grid power generation system has the consequence of more water and environmental accountability in the region. Nonetheless, it increases energy, water, and food security within the MMA. This would also mean a total disconnection to the CFE and the national power grid, in contrast to the hybrid system scenario, which includes almost all CFE-generated energy.
- Optimal design of water allocation networks in highly altered basins: the guandu river case, Brazil.(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-12-05) Saucedo Ramírez, Oswaldo Adolfo; MAHLKNECHT, JURGEN; 120939; Mahlknecht, Jürgen; emipsanchez; Ramírez Orozco, Aldo Iván; Loge, Frank J.; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; González Bravo, RamónWater scarcity is present in many regions around the world. Factors affecting water availability include, but are not limited to, population growth, resource depletion, alteration of natural ecosystems, and climate change. Said this, the study of water allocation networks is taking an important role worldwide due to the importance of the liquid for the development of human activities. The application of optimization models represents an opportunity to create new approaches to water resources management and to guarantee the sustainability of natural resources. Many previous optimization models focused on studying the hydraulic elements of the water allocation networks (e.g., pipes, pumps, and storage) to maximize economic profit or minimize distribution costs. These past approaches often neglected the hydrological aspects which describe the behavior of natural ecosystems. The aim of this research is to develop a multiobjective optimization model that incorporates parameters and equations for hydrological processes for the design of water allocation networks in highly altered basins. The model is applied to the Guandu basin in Brazil, one of the most altered watersheds worldwide (receiving 96% of its volume from surrounding basins). This basin supplies 9 million inhabitants of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Simultaneously, this basin is characterized by a strong relationship with the energy sector, i.e., around 25 % of the city's energy is produced in the basin through a hydropower complex. The results show that water transfer can be optimized by integrating water storage and reuse/recycling elements to satisfy water demands throughout the year. Also, through optimal allocation networks, it is possible to avoid saline intrusion downstream of the Guandu river, even if there is a reduction in the volume transferred from nearby basins. The developed tool is a highly feasible option for decision-making in water resources planning and management.