Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Development of surface modified PLGA nanoparticles with a homing peptide for enhanced particle-cell nanobiointeraction(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-12) Flores Hernández, Héctor Eduardo; Lozano García, Omar; puelquio/mscuervo; García Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; Vega Cantú, Yadira Itzel; Aguirre Soto, Héctor Alan; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyNanomaterials presents unique physicochemical, optical, and mechanical properties that are related with the large surface area to mass ratio. During the last 20 years nanotechnology have been related with the sciences of life as an alternative to solve problems using novel strategies that are developed based on nanostructures to reach specific targets in the body. Drug delivery of compounds loaded in nanovehicles has become in a special topic of nanomedicine, in which encapsulated compounds in nanomaterials could reach higher yields, due to the protection from degradation or targeting tissue in in vivo models. However, in in vitro models drug delivery in nanostructured materials has been used to develop different proof of concept to boost novels ideas that can be eventually applied in in vivo models. In this work, we study the surface functionalization method of PLGA nanoparticles using different methods of PEGylation for the further modification surface with Ang II. For PVA coated PLGA nanoparticles we obtain an average hydrodynamic diameter for all nanoformulations around 130 nm and negative surface charge, the yield for PEGylation of nanoparticles and surface modification of Ang II resulted undetectable for almost all methods used for characterization (1H-NMR, FTIR and Lowry method of Ang II detection only) and the biologic interactions with cardiac cells of Ang II surface modified PLGA nanoparticles did not present changes regard to non-surface modified PLGA nanoparticles. In contrast, PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles present higher hydrodynamic diameter (150 to 225 nm) and negative surface charge, however, the surface modification using Ang II resulted in higher yields that can be characterized and quantified (13.31 mg of Ang/mg of surface PEG). As we expected the biologic interactions with cardiac cells resulted in higher association of PLGA-b-PEG-Ang II nanoparticles than the unmodified PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles.
- Administration of resveratrol and cyclosporine a nanoparticles in a hypoxia/reoxygenation model(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06) Hernández Fontes, Paulina; LOZANO GARCIA, OMAR; 486173; ; Lozano García, Omar; tolmquevedo, emipsanchez; Mayolo Deloisa, Karla P.; Cholula Díaz, Jorge L.; Santillán Zerón, Moíses; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus Monterrey; García Rivas, Gerardo de JesúsIschemia reperfusion (I/R) injury remains as a neglected therapeutic target, limiting the benefits on morbidity and mortality of early reperfusion therapies. In this work, two separate poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles incorporating resveratrol (Resv-NPs), a phytoalexin with strong antioxidant potential, and cyclosporine A (CsA-NPs), a pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), were developed. These molecules present limitations in their pharmacokinetic profiles which obstruct them from being effectively applied as a treatment for I/R injury. In a H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast model of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, free drugs were compared with their encapsulated counterparts through the assessment of cell viability. In terms of the latter, Resv-NPs appeared to have an equivalent protection than that of free Resv, however, CsA-NPs appeared to widen CsA narrow therapeutic window under the conditions here reported. mPTP opening was assessed through a Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) assay, where encapsulation appeared to improve Resv-induced inhibition of pore opening at a concentration of 0.1 μM, while both free and encapsulated CsA groups appeared to prevent mPTP opening. The potential in vivo applications of these nanoformulations as well as the perspectives of this work are described.
- Development of PLGA nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in cardiac cells(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) Lázaro-Alfaro, Anay Fernanda; García-Rivas, Gerardo; Lozano García, Omar; Campus Monterrey; Campus Monterrey; Campus MonterreyNanomaterials have emerged as alternatives to solve problems found in diverse areas, from metallurgical industry to medicine. In medicine, nanomaterials are widely used as drug delivery systems due to their advantages over traditional delivery platforms. In gene therapy, viral vectors are commonly used. However, viral vectors are related to immune responses, presenting safety concerns and hindering therapy effectiveness. The use of nanomaterials in gene therapy may overcome these obstacles, enhancing gene therapeutic effects. Gene therapy can be divided in two main approaches: gene overexpression or gene silencing. In gene silencing, it is common to use RNA interference (RNAi) techniques. Due to pathophysiological pathways elution, RNAi is proposed as a potential therapy against diseases such as cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs are the leading causes of death worldwide. Currently cardiovascular therapies are not always effective, and the progress of CVDs inevitably leads to death. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the development of novel cardiovascular therapies. For instance, RNAi technology is widely studied as a potential therapy against CVDs. However, RNAi effectors are labile molecules and can be easily degraded; therefore, a suitable vehicle for their delivery is essential. In this work, we study the use of PLGA, a polymer approved by FDA and EMA in diverse nanomaterial formulations, in the development of siRNA delivery systems. Our results demonstrate that PLGA nanoparticles of <150 nm, negative surface charge and high siRNA encapsulation efficiency, can be formulated. Moreover, in cardiac cells siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles decrease MCU expression by 35.1 ± 2.7 % compared to non-loaded PLGA nanoparticles.