Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds from Eryngium alternatum(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023) Pérez Muñoz, Eréndira Patricia; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; emimmayorquin; Antúnes Ricardo, Marilena; Escuela de Ciencias e Ingeniería; Campus Monterrey; Martínez Ávila, MarianaIn Mexico, the main causes of death are type two diabetes and obesity. Due to the fact that the treatment against diabetes is highly expensive, the use of medicinal plants is a more affordable option and among Mexicans is common practice since prehispanic times, due to its great variety of medicinal plants. Unfortunately, there is not a serious regulation in the use, classification, dosage and preparation of herbal remedies. The Eryngium spp. has 69 endemic species and is mostly used to treat diabetes and dyslipidemia. The most reported species and that are present in the Mexican pharmacopoeia are Eryngium heterophyllum and Eryngium carlinae, but there are very few studies regarding the rest of the plants that belong to this family. In the present study, we worked with Eryngium alternatum a species that is common to find in drugstores or “tianguis” but there is very little information about it. What gives the Eryngium spp. its medicinal properties are the phenolic compounds, specifically caffeic, chlorogenic, rosmarinic acids, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin and coumarin which are in charge of its antioxidant activities. A proximal analysis was made and it was compared to Eryngium heterophyllum, as well a Box-Behnken surface analysis was made to evaluate the type of solvent (water, Ethanol, 50/50), the type of concentration (1:5 w/v, 1:10 w/v, 1:15 w/v) and the type of temperature (20°C, 40°C, 60°C) needed for polyphenol extraction, a 2.2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) analysis was made in order to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant and the phenolic determination was made with the use of HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS. At the end of the study, it was determined that the best treatment for polyphenol extraction and antioxidant activity was 50/50, 60°C, 1:15 w/v. The main polyphenols present with antioxidant activity, were chlorogenic acid (2300.91 ± 40.16 µg/g), Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (1644.29 ± 40.28 µg/g), Rosmarinic acid (6128.79 ± 75.59 µg/g) and Quercetin-3-glucoside (322.75 ± 2.76 µg/g).
- In vitro evaluation of delivery systems integrating huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri) extracts with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for their potential use in the cosmetic industry(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-05-25) Mejía Valdez, Daniel Eduardo; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; puemcuervo, emimayorquin; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Martínez Ávila, MarianaChenopodium berlandieri spp. (Huauzontle) is a Mexico-native pseudocereal with interesting compounds. It is considered a traditional food crop since prehispanic times, and it is still consumed as a fresh or cooked vegetable. Its enhanced nutritional properties of bioactive compounds, such as saponins and oleanolic acid, are giving it the attention of scientists. Here, we propose the development of a liposome delivery system integrating an extract and a hydrolyzed extract from huauzontle for their potential use in the cosmetic industry. Conventional solid/liquid extraction will be performed to obtain saponin-rich extracts, and through HPLC-ELSD and LC-MS/TOF, their characterization will be carried out. Once characterized, the extract will be hydrolyzed in order to obtain oleanolic acid, which is also intended to be integrated into a liposome delivery system. Finally, to measure the efficacy of the liposomes, the biological activities of dermatological importance for androgenic alopecia, acne vulgaris, and skin wrinkling will be tested. We expect to observe particle sizes of the liposome delivery system below 200 nm, necessary for a correct permeability of the skin; additionally, we expect to achieve good biological activities to prevent and treat stated skin conditions; those expected results are crucial to deem the introduction of these delivery system loaded with huauzontle extracts for their potential use in the cosmeceutical industry.
- Encapsulation of isorhamnetin glycosides from opuntia ficus-indica through a liposomal delivery system and its anti-aging effect(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-15) Figueroa Robles, Alejandra; GUAJARDO FLORES, DANIEL; 256061; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; puelquio/mscuervo; Martínez Avila, Mariana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Antunes Ricardo, MarilenaIntroduction. Opuntia ficus-indica, known as prickly pear, has multiple biological applications, many of them attributed to its phenolic compounds: isorhamnetin glycosides. In addition to having these advantages, these compounds have limitations characterized by their high polarity that limits their permeability through skin layers for use in topical formulations, bioavailability due to the size of the structures, the rapid metabolization and thermosensitive feature. In order to increase their stability and solubility, the compounds were encapsulated through a liposomal delivery system. Methods. The extraction of the compound was carried out by means of ethanolic extraction in a 50:50 ethanol:water ratio. The isorhamnetin glycosides were identified by a high pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a photodiode array detector and quantified as milligrams of total isorhamnetin glycosides per extract gram by a high-pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV-Vis detector. The liposomes were synthesized by the thin-film layer evaporation and extrusion technique through a mixture of lipids (phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in the following ratios: 7:3 and 10:1) using chloroform and methanol as solvents. Diameter size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and stability studies were evaluated through dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in a zetasizer instrument. Encapsulation efficiency and release percentage analysis were also evaluated through a high-pressure liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV-Vis detector. Results. Liposomes of nanometric size were obtained consisting of a combination of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (70:30) ranging from 77.68 ± 10.76 nm to 297.20 ± 33.79 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the liposomes is on a range from 87.85% ± 13.49 to 98.61% ± 0.93. More stable smaller particle size values were achieved when using a 7:3 lipid ratio in the liposomal synthesis. Also, these liposomes demonstrated an anti-elastase activity of 21.72% and a 15.83% of anti-collagenase activity. After the 72 h isorhamnetin glycosides release analysis, the results indicate around a 50% release rate. Conclusions. Encapsulation of isorhamnetin by liposomes improves the stability and solubility of the compounds, making it a more effective delivery system. The usage of a cosmetic formulation including isorhamnetin glycosides loaded liposomes can prevent skin aging based on a controlled delivery system technology. This product will be preferred by customers which tend to buy natural cosmetic products.
- Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill Nanofibers as a Potential Scaffold for Bone Regeneration(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-14) Huesca Urióstegui, Kathya; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; tolmquevedo; Santos Zea, Liliana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Antunes Ricardo, MarilenaBone is the second most commonly transplanted tissue in the world due to bone loss, however, some aggressive effects have shown in the current alternatives for its treatment. Current research has been directed at the development of scaffolds with biocompatible materials, with the ability of assisting in the bone healing process and be resorbed in the body. This work focused on the development of an electrospun nanofiber mesh loaded with isorhamsnetin glycosides (IGs) from Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) flour and its evaluation as scaffold for adhesion and maturation of human osteoblasts hFOB and its impact in bone regeneration in vitro by the assessment of mineralization markers. Electrospun nanofibers were developed with the parameters of 15 cm, 20kV, 1mL/h, followed by the addition of 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% w/w of OFI flour. Next, the fibers were characterized chemical and morphologically by FTIR and SEM, and its swelling capacity and degradation rate, as well as its release kinetics were assessed. Finally, biological assays in vitro were carried: cell cytotoxicity, calcium deposition and ALP activity. The best nanofiber obtained was PLA loaded with 70% w/w of OFI flour since it presented characteristics such as fiber alignment and smooth surface. It had a content of 904.33 μg IsoEq/g fiber and 14.9% release rate of IGs in 48h, a swelling ratio of 89.99% after 24h and 13.03% of degradation rate in 48h. It didn’t show significant cytotoxicity and had evidence of mineralization and calcium deposition, so it can be considered as scaffold for adhesion and maturation of human osteoblasts hFOB and its impact in bone regeneration in vitro.
- Characterization and anti-inflammatory effects evaluation of chili oleoresin SNEDDS containing capsaicinoids(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-03) Nava Ochoa, Ana Emilia; Guajardo Flores, Daniel; tolmquevedo; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Antunes Ricardo, MarilenaCapsaicinoids are the compounds found in chili plants (Capsicum genus) that confer the pungency to the plant. These have been evaluated due to their anti- inflammatory and analgesic effects as they act directly by binding to Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), responsible for the perception and sensation of pain. Transdermal application of these compounds has its side effects as these compounds produce irritation in skin and burning sensation. Therefore, this work is focused on implementing these compounds into self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for their potential of enhancing these compounds’ anti-inflammatory properties while reducing its side effects by changing its particle size and its properties. Oleoresins evaluated were obtained from Guajillo chili, Arbol chili and a synthesized oleoresin. Characterization and quantification of capsaicinoids on oleoresins were done by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detectors (HPLC- DAD) and they were reported as capsaicin equivalents. SNEDDS formulations stability was evaluated after 45 days and they were characterized by their particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) on a Zetasizer. SNEDDS entrapment efficiency (%) was also evaluated by HPLC-DAD. Lastly, in vitro tests were done to indicate anti- inflammatory activity. RAW 264.7 cells were used to determine nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) were used to evaluate cellular uptake and a fluorescent activity assay kit was used to evaluate COX-2 inhibition. As a result, the major capsaicinoids found were capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin on Arbol oleoresin and four capsaicin analogues on the synthetic oleoresin. No capsaicinoids were found on Guajillo sample. Average entrapment efficiency was of 91.03%. Formulation stability was determined by PDI values which were lower than 0.500 on all samples and by zeta potential which showed an average of -18.98 mV, indicating formulation stability for both parameters. For cellular assays, RAW 264.7 cells showed no cytotoxicity from these compounds. Higher NO inhibition (%) was shown on SNEDDS formulation with synthetic oleoresin compared to normal oleoresins with an inhibition of 83.1 ± 1.99%. Synthetic oleoresin also showed the highest COX-2 inhibition with an activity of 79.19 ± 1.07%. Despite cellular uptake being higher on oleoresins, nanoemulsions showed a high cellular uptake of 21.18 ± 0.07% on synthetic SNEDDS formulations. This study showed the capability of oleoresins containing capsaicinoids incorporated into SNEDDS as anti- inflammatory agents. This type of formulations has the potential to be applied transdermally in order to be used on treatments for inflammation.