Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Design and optimization of permanent-magnet synchronous motors for a cargo e-bike(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06) González García, Santiago; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; emipsanchez; Ferrari, Simone; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Ibarra Moyers, Luis MiguelThe widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is driven by consumer preferences, ad-vancements in battery technology, and environmental regulations. Within this shift, electric micro-mobility has emerged as a key sector, offering sustainable urban transportation solu- tions. This study addresses critical gaps in performance evaluation and motor design for micro-mobility applications, focusing on hybrid cargo bikes and e-bikes.The first part evaluates the energetic performance of the STEP2 Prototype, a P3 hybrid cargo e-bike, under experimental and simulated urban conditions. Experimental tests assess real-world performance on fixed slopes, while simulations incorporate variable slopes, dy- namic motor assistance, and adaptive gear ratios to optimize efficiency and reduce cyclist fa- tigue. Results highlight the benefits of regenerative braking and adaptive assistance strategies in balancing battery consumption and rider effort, demonstrating the importance of variable power management in hybrid micro-mobility systems. The second part focuses on the design and optimization of a 12-slot/10-pole flat mag- net motor for e-bikes, tailored to a custom driving cycle derived from real-world urban con- ditions. A multi-objective genetic algorithm, integrated with MATLAB and Ansys Motor- CAD, optimizes the motor while considering constraints such as demagnetization, torque ripple, mechanical stress, and weight. A multiphysics analysis validates the design, and a comparative study evaluates different inner-rotor magnet topologies—V-shape, spoke, and surface-mounted—to minimize losses, material costs, and enhance torque production. This systematic approach identifies the most efficient motor configuration for urban micro-mobility while ensuring broader applicability in permanent-magnet synchronous motor systems.Together, this research provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing both hy- brid electric systems and motor design in micro-mobility, bridging real-world performance assessment with advanced engineering solutions. The findings support the development of more efficient, adaptive, and sustainable urban transportation technologies, contributing to the rapid evolution of the electric micro-mobility sector.
- Active dampers and stabilizer bar for heave and roll controll in SUVs: A comparison study considering actuator dynamics(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-01-22) Audiffred Ramírez, Arturo Abihú; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; emipsanchez; Riccardo Cespi; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Bustamante Bello, RogelioThis thesis conducts a comparative analysis of an active stabilizer bar and suspension system for vehicular roll control. The core objectives are to assess the efficacy of these advanced systems in mitigating the roll effect. Comprehensive mathematical half-car models for both active stabilizer bar and suspension system were developed, incorporating detailed models for the tire and actuators dynamics. Simulations were executed using MATLAB Simulink®to evaluate the performance under various driving conditions and scenarios. Classic control strategies including Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PI) and Skyhook, were designed and implemented to compare the system responses. Simulation results demonstrate substantial improvements in roll stability for both systems compared to traditional passive solutions. However, notable distinctions in performance, as well as energy consumption are identified, elucidating the inherent trade-offs between the suspension configurations proposed and further explained throughout this work. An energy and complexity analysis was performed to compare the feasibility costs associated with the active stabilizer bar and suspension system, as well as the configurations and tradeoffs they offer. The analysis reveals that while the active anti-roll bar system offers superior roll control, active dampers present a more effective solution with adequate performance for a broader range of applications. In summary, this thesis provides an in-depth evaluation on different configurations of an active stabilizer bar and suspension system, delivering critical insights and practical recommendations for their deployment and further conclusions on their research and development in contemporary vehicle dynamics and control systems.
- A real-time FLL-based observer to enhance rotor-shaft motion sensing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025) Morazán Luz, José Raúl; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Escobar Valderrama, Gerardo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Ibarra Moyers, Luis MiguelReliable measurements of rotary machines' motion generally require the use of speed and position sensors. Conventional solutions, which are mechanically coupled to the rotor-shaft, are often considered expensive and are subject to degradation; despite their high accuracy. Low-cost alternatives provide an estimate of angular motion by sensing the magnetic field of a target fixed to the machine's shaft. Although these magnetic-based solutions have gained popularity due to their contactless feature and ease of installation under restricted dimensions, the use of linear magnetic sensors has been limited as their output signals are subject to distortion. This is relevant for alternate current machines' field-oriented control, as position error propagates towards the output torque, due to geometric transformation of coordinates over the stator phase currents. The published literature reveals that the most accurate and computationally efficient solution consists of a frequency-locked loop observer based on a fourth-order harmonic oscillator, typically used for grid synchronization, to enhance the signals of linear magnetic sensors for rotor-shaft motion sensing. However, aspects of its implementation over a real-time system have not been discussed; representing a research gap. Hence, in this thesis, the mentioned estimation method is implemented as a real-time algorithm, where it is evaluated in terms of its computational resource utilization through processor-in-the-loop tests, and both response time and accuracy through variable speed tests with a field-oriented controlled synchronous machine, using the motion estimates as feedback. As a reference, these characteristics are equally assessed by reproducing the mentioned experiments, for a quadrature encoder and the generic approach to process the output signals of linear Hall-effect sensors for motion sensing. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method, while requiring more computational resources, it is able to be executed over a microcontroller unit along with a field-oriented control strategy. After fine-tuning, the proposed observer is able to achieve a response time similar to the quadrature encoder, and improve the accuracy throughout the use of linear Hall-effect sensors; decreasing the angular speed estimate's stationary error under 19 % with respect to the quadrature encoder reference. Additionally, an attenuation over the dq-currents is achieved; reducing the mean dispersion in steady-state from 31.65 mA to 24.87 mA in the d-axis, and 26.52 mA to 11.4 mA in the q-axis. Thus, improving the performance of the driving machine. This statement is further supported through a harmonic analysis over the measured signals in steady state, where the proposed method demonstrated harmonic cancellation over components derived from the number of poles from the sensing array and the controlled motor.
- Torque ripple reduction in trapezoidal back EMF machines(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-12) Sandoval Salaiza, Ruy Eduardo; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; emipsanchez; Escobar Valderrama, Gerardo; Johnson, Scott; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThe widespread electrification has made high efficiency and high torque-to-weight ratio a must in the pumping, rolling, and automotive industries. Brushless direct current motors fill this gap at the expense of a condition called torque ripple, which may cause tear, wear, and a low life cycle. This thesis introduces the fundamentals of motors, magnetic behavior, and the torque ripple condition of brushless direct current motors. It introduces common control schemes along with several ripple reduction approaches. Then, it adapts one of the common control schemes called field-oriented control and implements a feature of voltage injection to reduce the reference condition. Finally, it implements the scheme on a physical test bench and compares its behavior against conventional operation, successfully reducing the 6th harmonic amplitude of the torque output signal by at least 50%.
- Noise-vibration-harshness analysis for electric machines(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05) Luzardo Prince, Esteban José; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; mtyahinojosa, emimmayorquin; Juárez Esquinca, José Javier; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Escobar Valderrama, GerardoIn the current societal landscape, there is a notable inclination towards the acceptance and adoption of electric vehicles, prompting heightened attention from academia and literature towards research and technological advancements in all aspects of electric vehicle design. As the most crucial component of an electric vehicle, the motor holds particular significance. Thus, this thesis centers on the analysis and examination of an electric motor for a small-scale transportation vehicle. The primary aim is to investigate the causes of noise and vibrations in electric motors, alongside conducting an analysis of Sound Pressure Level and order tracking to assess the motor's acoustic performance. Subsequently, employing the techniques outlined in this study, the objective is to propose a motor design that maintains motor performance while reducing noise and vibration production. This redesign of the base motor will entail the application of advanced motor design techniques, specifically focusing on the geometric design of internal motor components.
- Design and topology selection method for brushless motors in regenerative dampers(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-12-01) Aguilar Zamorate, Irving Sixto; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; puemcuervo; Ibarra Moyers, Luis Miguel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Bustamante Bello, Martín RogelioThe objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the hypothesis that a regenerative damper will be able to fulfill efficient comfort and road holding constraints for a vehicle suspension if a proper method to design the electric motor is implemented and a suitable machine topology is selected. Previous is justified on the problem that the state of art in regenerative dampers is not clear which brushless permanent magnet rotor topology is appropriate nor a unified method that covers all the processes to develop this motor for regenerative dampers exists. The unified method includes the geometry parametrization and winding design, cross-section optimization to maximize torque, losses/efficiency characterization, and field-oriented control using MATLAB and FEMM, an open-source finite element program to promote its availability. The process is applied for a surface-mounted and two interior permanent magnet rotor topologies named single magnet and V-shape. Additionally, an analytical model for the surface mounted is presented based on literature due to a stable flux distribution is present. Moreover, the present method can be extended to other fields which use these types of motors as electric vehicles. The most suitable machine configuration is the surface-mounted permanent magnet since the torque is the highest combined with a low torque ripple and low permanent magnet mass compared with the interior magnets. The motor is validated in an appropriately designed regenerative suspension intended for a C-class vehicle. Optimal suspension control is applied to evaluate vehicle dynamics under two optimal operational modes: comfort and road holding. The regenerative suspension fulfills the expected behavior, even when a force compensation term is included to account for inertia and viscous damping, friction. Moreover, the device is energy-self sufficient in both operating modes, but energy recovery decreases when inertia is considered.
- Design of an active and controllable suspension system through hydraulic proportional valves(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-01-07) Briceño Tapia, Pablo Andres; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; Ramírez Mendoza, Ricardo Ambrocio; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Bustamante Bello, Martin RogelioSuspension systems were integrated into vehicles shortly after their invention. This system is responsible for maintaining contact between the vehicle tire and the ground at all times and transmitting the vibrations produced by the terrain to the chassis. In other words, the suspension system is responsible for the handling and comfort of the vehicles. This project proposes the introduction of an active suspension system that allows changing its damping force using a hydraulic valve starting from the definition of its geometry and orifice type according to computational fluid dynamics simulations. Once the geometry and type of the valve are completely defined, the design plans of these parts will be made for their subsequent production. To allow the damping force to vary is necessary to alter the fluid flow inside the suspension system. This is achieved by the use of a valve coupled to an electric machine that allows to vary the opening of the valve and consequently the fluid flow towards the damper of the suspension system. When the electric machine is selected, a suitable control law will also be implemented that, according to the signals of the road the vehicle is on, will determine the necessary opening of the valve at that point, ensuring that the damping force is the optimum at each point. The final results of this project will be tested with road profiles standardized in ISO norms and it will be evaluated according to the corresponding regulations levels of comfort, thus establishing the levels of comfort and maneuverability that would be obtained in a vehicle that implements this system.