Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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A real-time FLL-based observer to enhance rotor-shaft motion sensing
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025) Morazán Luz, José Raúl; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Escobar Valderrama, Gerardo; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Ciudad de México; Ibarra Moyers, Luis Miguel
Reliable measurements of rotary machines' motion generally require the use of speed and position sensors. Conventional solutions, which are mechanically coupled to the rotor-shaft, are often considered expensive and are subject to degradation; despite their high accuracy. Low-cost alternatives provide an estimate of angular motion by sensing the magnetic field of a target fixed to the machine's shaft. Although these magnetic-based solutions have gained popularity due to their contactless feature and ease of installation under restricted dimensions, the use of linear magnetic sensors has been limited as their output signals are subject to distortion. This is relevant for alternate current machines' field-oriented control, as position error propagates towards the output torque, due to geometric transformation of coordinates over the stator phase currents. The published literature reveals that the most accurate and computationally efficient solution consists of a frequency-locked loop observer based on a fourth-order harmonic oscillator, typically used for grid synchronization, to enhance the signals of linear magnetic sensors for rotor-shaft motion sensing. However, aspects of its implementation over a real-time system have not been discussed; representing a research gap. Hence, in this thesis, the mentioned estimation method is implemented as a real-time algorithm, where it is evaluated in terms of its computational resource utilization through processor-in-the-loop tests, and both response time and accuracy through variable speed tests with a field-oriented controlled synchronous machine, using the motion estimates as feedback. As a reference, these characteristics are equally assessed by reproducing the mentioned experiments, for a quadrature encoder and the generic approach to process the output signals of linear Hall-effect sensors for motion sensing. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method, while requiring more computational resources, it is able to be executed over a microcontroller unit along with a field-oriented control strategy. After fine-tuning, the proposed observer is able to achieve a response time similar to the quadrature encoder, and improve the accuracy throughout the use of linear Hall-effect sensors; decreasing the angular speed estimate's stationary error under 19 % with respect to the quadrature encoder reference. Additionally, an attenuation over the dq-currents is achieved; reducing the mean dispersion in steady-state from 31.65 mA to 24.87 mA in the d-axis, and 26.52 mA to 11.4 mA in the q-axis. Thus, improving the performance of the driving machine. This statement is further supported through a harmonic analysis over the measured signals in steady state, where the proposed method demonstrated harmonic cancellation over components derived from the number of poles from the sensing array and the controlled motor.
Design and topology selection method for brushless motors in regenerative dampers
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-12-01) Aguilar Zamorate, Irving Sixto; Galluzzi Aguilera, Renato; puemcuervo; Ibarra Moyers, Luis Miguel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Ciudad de México; Bustamante Bello, Martín Rogelio
The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate the hypothesis that a regenerative damper will be able to fulfill efficient comfort and road holding constraints for a vehicle suspension if a proper method to design the electric motor is implemented and a suitable machine topology is selected. Previous is justified on the problem that the state of art in regenerative dampers is not clear which brushless permanent magnet rotor topology is appropriate nor a unified method that covers all the processes to develop this motor for regenerative dampers exists. The unified method includes the geometry parametrization and winding design, cross-section optimization to maximize torque, losses/efficiency characterization, and field-oriented control using MATLAB and FEMM, an open-source finite element program to promote its availability. The process is applied for a surface-mounted and two interior permanent magnet rotor topologies named single magnet and V-shape. Additionally, an analytical model for the surface mounted is presented based on literature due to a stable flux distribution is present. Moreover, the present method can be extended to other fields which use these types of motors as electric vehicles. The most suitable machine configuration is the surface-mounted permanent magnet since the torque is the highest combined with a low torque ripple and low permanent magnet mass compared with the interior magnets. The motor is validated in an appropriately designed regenerative suspension intended for a C-class vehicle. Optimal suspension control is applied to evaluate vehicle dynamics under two optimal operational modes: comfort and road holding. The regenerative suspension fulfills the expected behavior, even when a force compensation term is included to account for inertia and viscous damping, friction. Moreover, the device is energy-self sufficient in both operating modes, but energy recovery decreases when inertia is considered.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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