Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Non-planar additive manufacturing for biomedical applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-14) Castro Avilés, Alejandro; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emimmayorquin; Román Flores, Armando; Botello Arredondo, Adeodato Israel; Mecánica y materiales avanzados; Campus Monterrey; Jiménez Palomar, InésFused filament fabrication (FFF) stands out as a prominent technology in additive manufacturing (AM) due to its affordability and versatility in equipment and materials. Its suitability for research and development is evident. Recent advancements have led to the development of non-planar AM using FFF 3D printers, enabling the fabrication of curved structures with enhanced mechanical and aesthetic properties. This innovation has significantly reduced printing time and material waste while expanding the capabilities of FFF to print non-planar metamaterials. Notably, FFF finds practical application in the 3D printing of cranioplasty implants. This thesis investigates the utilization of non-planar AM for manufacturing such implants, focusing on dome-shaped structures for mechanical testing. Various topologies, including hexagonal, re-entrant, and squared honeycomb metamaterials, are explored for reinforcement. The study culminates in a comparative analysis between traditional planar cranioplasty implants and those manufactured with non-planar layers and lattice reinforcement, offering insights into their respective benefits and limitations.
- Mechanical characterization and design of square honeycombs with the aid of additive manufacturing and AI(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05-07) Herrera Ramos, Gustavo; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emimmayorquin; Román Flores, Armando; Mora Córdova, Ángel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Batres Prieto, RafaelMetamaterials offer a viable mean to attain targeted mechanical characteristics tailored to particular loading conditions. Aperiodic metamaterials provide higher tailorability of mechanical behavior by providing a customizable deformation mode, properties, and mechanical response. Artificial intelligence has enhanced metamaterial design by discerning correlations between parameters and mechanical characteristics. This work studies two types of gradation on square honeycombs: wall thickness and wall angle. The studied gradation characteristics were wall inclination, pattern distribution, and direction. Fifteen designs were proposed, each combining different gradation characteristics. The designs were additively manufactured with PLA on an FFF 3D printer and experimentally tested under compression. The effects of the gradation characteristics on the mechanical response, mechanical properties, and deformation mode were analyzed. The results confirmed the influence of gradation on the mechanical behavior of the structures. The gradation characteristics influence specific properties or responses, such as a 30% energy absorption difference between graded honeycombs with aligned and not aligned walls. The metamodel evolutionary optimizer (MEVO) algorithm was used to assist in the design of a tailored square honeycomb with an angle gradation to minimize the displacement of a designated point in the structure. The algorithm was tested on multiple nonconventional loading scenarios to prove its versatility.
- Architected cylinders: design, micro-mechanics, additive manufacturing, and sensing capabilities characterization(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-01-07) Betancourt Tovar, Mariajosé; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emipsanchez; Román Flores, Armando; Botello Arredondo, Adeodato Israel; Mecánica y Materiales Avanzados; Campus Monterrey; Ayala García, Ivo NeftaliArchitected matter could bring advantages that their fully solid counterparts cannot. Understanding their mechanics unveils critical elements impacting the overall structure deformation and monitoring these elements offers insights into structural behavior. This thesis encompasses the mechanical analysis of architected cylinders and how they could be used as sensing structures. Additionally, their potential in acquiring data from human grip strength is explored as a proof-of-concept. Hexagonal, re-entrant, and square rotated architected cylinders were parameterized in both rectangular and cylindrical cell arrangements. In the latter, the number of rotational degrees of symmetry was varied to evaluate their impact on the structures’ mechanical properties. After applying uniform pressure via computational simulations to the surfaces of the structures, it was found that the orientation of cell walls with respect to the applied load influenced their radial stiffness and deformation mechanism. Re-entrant models were the most flexible, while the square rotated ones were the stiffest. The deformation mechanism varied in re-entrant models when changing the rotational degrees of symmetry, which was attributed to the variation in length between concentric and non-concentric. The analysis of compression tests on 3D architected cylinders revealed that cylinders with a higher number of rotational degrees of symmetry, a rectangular cell arrangement, and a hexagonal topology exhibited stiffer behavior. Re-entrant models demonstrated auxetic behavior when one or more unit cells were aligned with the direction of the applied load. Concentric cell walls deformation was quantified using a curvature-based approach, comparing the area under the curvature function of a cell wall with the area of the undeformed cell wall. This ratio was compared to voltage signal of piezoresistive sensors that were inserted in the cell walls of architected cylinders. A relation was found between voltage and area under curvature ratios, suggesting sensor data reflects cell wall’s deformation. Two subjects tested the cylinders’ hand-gripping performance, yielding similar deformed shapes to those in the diametrical compression. This suggests that the curvature-based approach and sensors’ integration are methods that can contribute to the development of an architected de vice capable of obtaining hand-gripping information. Further work to achieve this objective may involve conducting mechanical characterization studies with varied orientations of cell arrangements relative to the applied load. Additionally, adjusting the dimensions of sensing cylindrical structures based on anthropometric percentile data could enhance conformity to the hand morphology of specific populations.
- Deformation control of sinusoidal lattice metamaterial for application in robotics(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-12-05) Mora Gutiérrez, Stephanie; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emipsanchez; Pérez Santiago, Rogelio; Román Flores, Armando; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyThis study presents a methodology for controlling deformation in a sinusoidal metamaterial using parametric design, FEM simulation, and 3D printing. The focus is on generating a design where the deformation of the metamaterial can be controlled and thus be able to apply it in a flexible gripper using a sinusoidal metamaterial as base material. The parametric design approach is employed to create a structure of the sinusoidal unit cell, and FEM simulation is used to evaluate its mechanical behavior and compare it with the Experimental testing. The sinusoidal metamaterial is then 3D printed using a flexible TPU filament. Experimental testing also demonstrates the gripper's adaptability and deformation control. The results validate the effectiveness of the design, showing the deformation control of the sinusoidal structure, also improved grip capacity and manipulation capabilities. This study has significant potential for applications in robotics. The combination of generative design, FEM simulation, and 3D printing enables the creation of customized and functional grippers that can adapt to various object shapes and sizes.
- Mechanical properties of tubular bioinspired metamaterials(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Palancares-Díaz, Jocelyn Sarai; CUAN URQUIZO, ENRIQUE; 345654; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; puelquio/mscuervo; Román Flores, Armando; Jiménez Martínez, Moisés; Farfán Cabrera, Leonardo Israel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThis dissertation is concerned around the analysis of tubular bioinspired metamaterials and the relationship between their mesostructural characteristics in the cross sectional area and reticulated distribution and their mechanical characteristics under torsional and bending loads. Bioinspiration was taken from Cactaceae family to find cross sectional and void distribution inspiration, once the characteristics were selected a geometrical parameterization was performed. The mechanical characterization was done with the aid of FE models in COMSOL Multiphysics for bending and torsion. As validation some models were printed and tested under bending and torsion as well. The manufacturing of the samples used fused filament fabrication (FFF) with polylactic acid (PLA). Validation of the manufacturing using a microscope was done. The results from this study confirm the influence of the selected characteristics in the bending and torsional stiffness. Being the torsional stiffness being specially sensitive to changes in the cross sectional geometry while the bending stiffness was found to be best modulated by the allowance of the reticulated pattern to leave straight lines of material from one end to the other of the tubular structure.
- Auxetic lattice sensor for In-socket load evaluation(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Ramírez Gutiérrez, Diana Laura; RAMIREZ GUTIERREZ, DIANA LAURA; 883618; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; puelquio/mscuervo; Román Flores, Armando; Navarro Gutiérrez, Manuel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Fuentes Aguilar, Rita QuetziquelAuxetic metamaterials present an uncommon dome shape when subjected to an out-of-plane bending moment, known as synclasticity. This property has them potential candidates in aerospace, biomedical and textiles. Currently, the use of wearable devices has increased. These sensors allow the tracking of physical activity of the human body, which provide useful information about health. They need to withstand repeated large deformations and conform to the complex curved geometries of the human body without loss in performace. Conformability has presented a challenge in materials science and engineering and one approach to overcome this, has been the implementation of auxetic topologies. Still, most applications remain in their infancy and require more research. Despite biomedical sensors being subjected to complex loading conditions, most of the literature has focused on auxetic metamaterials under simple tensile and compressive loadings. The geometrical parameter-Poisson´s ratio was thoroughly characterized bia Finite element modeling (FEM). This brought up a thorough relation between their geometrical parameters and auxeticity. Their out-of-plane stiffness was also characterized via FEM and corroborated with additive manufactured samples subjected to the same boundary conditions. A conformability ratio was computed with digital image processing, and a generalized linear model of 95% confidence interval exhibited the relation between each parameter and this property. Topologies with similar conformability ratio were found, which allowed to establish a relation between geometrical parameters, conformability and stiffness. Finally, the fabrication of pressure-sensing devices was achieved by the instrumentation of velostat with different auxetic porous arrangements. This exposed a general view of their electric response under different loading conditions. These devices were also tested as in-socket pressure sensors, establishing a link between their electric and mechanical response while being stretched to conform an artificial residual limb. This, in addition to in-plane, and out-of-plane characterization, lead to key properties when deciding the geometry specific for applications; deformation mechanism, relative density, auxetic behavior and stiffness.
- Novel Bézier-based metamaterials: synthesis, mechanics and additive manufacturing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-04) Álvarez Trejo, Alberto; CUAN URQUIZO, ENRIQUE; 345654; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emipsanchez; Alvarado Orozco, Juan Manuel; Farfán Cabrera, Leonardo Israel; Olvera Silva, Oscar; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Román Flores, ArmandoThe design of mechanical metamaterials often uses lattice arrangements being benefited from the increase in Additive Manufacturing technologies available. Such design freedom allows the fabrication of lattice arrangements with complex curved geometries. Here we propose a whole family of novel lattice matematerials parametrized using cubic Bézier curves. The methodology presented permits the generation of unit cells with different degrees of curvature based on the location of the Bézier control points along a spiral. The apparent stiffness of these structures was characterized using finite element analysis (FEA) and compression tests on additively manufactured samples using stereolithography (SLA). The mechanical properties of spiral based cubic Bézier (SBCB) metamaterials were related to the location of the control points. The methodology was expanded to generate metamaterials with porosity in the three orthogonal planes, and the apparent stiffness of these structures was obtained by FEA. The procedure presented for the synthesis of metamaterials enables the generation of structures with customized mechanical properties by adjusting the geometry of the unit cells. The apparent stiffness of both 2D and 3D SBCB metamaterials from simulation was compared to existing metamaterials,defining a design region that is limited by manufacturing and geometry conditions.
- Stiffness modification in compliant joints with the use of mechanical metamaterials and the aid of machine learning(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2020-02-10) Cáceres Cáceres, Christian Ricardo; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; puemcuervo; Urbina Coronado, Pedro Daniel; Jiménez Martínez, Moisés; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Alfaro Ponce, MarielCompliant joints (CJs) corresponds of a type of mechanisms which are designed with differ ent types of flexure hinges (F Hs), causing a notorious variation in motion ranges. These F Hreacts towards external forces giving them certain movement limited by the material or design of them. These factors can be represented as the stiffness that they have. With the usage of certain techniques this stiffness can be improved. In this research, we propose the use of spe cific 2D lattice metamaterials with different unit cell geometries and orientations to change the resultant stiffness. The 2D lattices used were the square honeycomb lattice, the re-entrant honeycomb lattice and the hexagonal honeycomb lattice. For the mechanical tests, some of the lattices with a specific unit cell orientation but similar relative densities were evaluated. In addition the use of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically the machine learning (ML) field which helped us to predict desired mechanical parameters of the CJs designed. Various ML algorithms were tested and compared with the finite element analysis (F EA) simulations of the CJs, to evaluate the prediction accuracy between learning algorithms. Finally, with the predictions gathered of a small and a larger dataset based only in simulations, the development of an automated design process based on the use of latticed CJs was achieved.