Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Non-planar additive manufacturing for biomedical applications(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-14) Castro Avilés, Alejandro; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emimmayorquin; Román Flores, Armando; Botello Arredondo, Adeodato Israel; Mecánica y materiales avanzados; Campus Monterrey; Jiménez Palomar, InésFused filament fabrication (FFF) stands out as a prominent technology in additive manufacturing (AM) due to its affordability and versatility in equipment and materials. Its suitability for research and development is evident. Recent advancements have led to the development of non-planar AM using FFF 3D printers, enabling the fabrication of curved structures with enhanced mechanical and aesthetic properties. This innovation has significantly reduced printing time and material waste while expanding the capabilities of FFF to print non-planar metamaterials. Notably, FFF finds practical application in the 3D printing of cranioplasty implants. This thesis investigates the utilization of non-planar AM for manufacturing such implants, focusing on dome-shaped structures for mechanical testing. Various topologies, including hexagonal, re-entrant, and squared honeycomb metamaterials, are explored for reinforcement. The study culminates in a comparative analysis between traditional planar cranioplasty implants and those manufactured with non-planar layers and lattice reinforcement, offering insights into their respective benefits and limitations.
- Architected cylinders: design, micro-mechanics, additive manufacturing, and sensing capabilities characterization(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-01-07) Betancourt Tovar, Mariajosé; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emipsanchez; Román Flores, Armando; Botello Arredondo, Adeodato Israel; Mecánica y Materiales Avanzados; Campus Monterrey; Ayala García, Ivo NeftaliArchitected matter could bring advantages that their fully solid counterparts cannot. Understanding their mechanics unveils critical elements impacting the overall structure deformation and monitoring these elements offers insights into structural behavior. This thesis encompasses the mechanical analysis of architected cylinders and how they could be used as sensing structures. Additionally, their potential in acquiring data from human grip strength is explored as a proof-of-concept. Hexagonal, re-entrant, and square rotated architected cylinders were parameterized in both rectangular and cylindrical cell arrangements. In the latter, the number of rotational degrees of symmetry was varied to evaluate their impact on the structures’ mechanical properties. After applying uniform pressure via computational simulations to the surfaces of the structures, it was found that the orientation of cell walls with respect to the applied load influenced their radial stiffness and deformation mechanism. Re-entrant models were the most flexible, while the square rotated ones were the stiffest. The deformation mechanism varied in re-entrant models when changing the rotational degrees of symmetry, which was attributed to the variation in length between concentric and non-concentric. The analysis of compression tests on 3D architected cylinders revealed that cylinders with a higher number of rotational degrees of symmetry, a rectangular cell arrangement, and a hexagonal topology exhibited stiffer behavior. Re-entrant models demonstrated auxetic behavior when one or more unit cells were aligned with the direction of the applied load. Concentric cell walls deformation was quantified using a curvature-based approach, comparing the area under the curvature function of a cell wall with the area of the undeformed cell wall. This ratio was compared to voltage signal of piezoresistive sensors that were inserted in the cell walls of architected cylinders. A relation was found between voltage and area under curvature ratios, suggesting sensor data reflects cell wall’s deformation. Two subjects tested the cylinders’ hand-gripping performance, yielding similar deformed shapes to those in the diametrical compression. This suggests that the curvature-based approach and sensors’ integration are methods that can contribute to the development of an architected de vice capable of obtaining hand-gripping information. Further work to achieve this objective may involve conducting mechanical characterization studies with varied orientations of cell arrangements relative to the applied load. Additionally, adjusting the dimensions of sensing cylindrical structures based on anthropometric percentile data could enhance conformity to the hand morphology of specific populations.
- Auxetic lattice sensor for In-socket load evaluation(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022) Ramírez Gutiérrez, Diana Laura; RAMIREZ GUTIERREZ, DIANA LAURA; 883618; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; puelquio/mscuervo; Román Flores, Armando; Navarro Gutiérrez, Manuel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Fuentes Aguilar, Rita QuetziquelAuxetic metamaterials present an uncommon dome shape when subjected to an out-of-plane bending moment, known as synclasticity. This property has them potential candidates in aerospace, biomedical and textiles. Currently, the use of wearable devices has increased. These sensors allow the tracking of physical activity of the human body, which provide useful information about health. They need to withstand repeated large deformations and conform to the complex curved geometries of the human body without loss in performace. Conformability has presented a challenge in materials science and engineering and one approach to overcome this, has been the implementation of auxetic topologies. Still, most applications remain in their infancy and require more research. Despite biomedical sensors being subjected to complex loading conditions, most of the literature has focused on auxetic metamaterials under simple tensile and compressive loadings. The geometrical parameter-Poisson´s ratio was thoroughly characterized bia Finite element modeling (FEM). This brought up a thorough relation between their geometrical parameters and auxeticity. Their out-of-plane stiffness was also characterized via FEM and corroborated with additive manufactured samples subjected to the same boundary conditions. A conformability ratio was computed with digital image processing, and a generalized linear model of 95% confidence interval exhibited the relation between each parameter and this property. Topologies with similar conformability ratio were found, which allowed to establish a relation between geometrical parameters, conformability and stiffness. Finally, the fabrication of pressure-sensing devices was achieved by the instrumentation of velostat with different auxetic porous arrangements. This exposed a general view of their electric response under different loading conditions. These devices were also tested as in-socket pressure sensors, establishing a link between their electric and mechanical response while being stretched to conform an artificial residual limb. This, in addition to in-plane, and out-of-plane characterization, lead to key properties when deciding the geometry specific for applications; deformation mechanism, relative density, auxetic behavior and stiffness.
- Novel Bézier-based metamaterials: synthesis, mechanics and additive manufacturing(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-06-04) Álvarez Trejo, Alberto; CUAN URQUIZO, ENRIQUE; 345654; Cuan Urquizo, Enrique; emipsanchez; Alvarado Orozco, Juan Manuel; Farfán Cabrera, Leonardo Israel; Olvera Silva, Oscar; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Román Flores, ArmandoThe design of mechanical metamaterials often uses lattice arrangements being benefited from the increase in Additive Manufacturing technologies available. Such design freedom allows the fabrication of lattice arrangements with complex curved geometries. Here we propose a whole family of novel lattice matematerials parametrized using cubic Bézier curves. The methodology presented permits the generation of unit cells with different degrees of curvature based on the location of the Bézier control points along a spiral. The apparent stiffness of these structures was characterized using finite element analysis (FEA) and compression tests on additively manufactured samples using stereolithography (SLA). The mechanical properties of spiral based cubic Bézier (SBCB) metamaterials were related to the location of the control points. The methodology was expanded to generate metamaterials with porosity in the three orthogonal planes, and the apparent stiffness of these structures was obtained by FEA. The procedure presented for the synthesis of metamaterials enables the generation of structures with customized mechanical properties by adjusting the geometry of the unit cells. The apparent stiffness of both 2D and 3D SBCB metamaterials from simulation was compared to existing metamaterials,defining a design region that is limited by manufacturing and geometry conditions.