Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Hydrothermal pretreatment conditions optimization for the recovery of nutraceuticals from agave salmiana and A. americana bagasse(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-06) Alonso Santos, Juan Manuel; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; emiggomez, emipsanchez; Vázquez Rodríguez, Benjamín; Pérez Pérez, David Antonio; Ortega Hernández, Erika; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Heredia Olea, ErickThis thesis focuses on optimizing hydrothermal pretreatment conditions to recover total phenols, fructans, saponins, and sapogenins from Agave salmiana and Agave americana bagasse. Both agave species are mainly cultivated in Mexico for agave sap extraction (aguamiel) and contain diverse bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. In 2022, the agave processing industry, specifically in the tequila sector, generated a significant amount of 1.04 million tons of bagasse (CRT, 2023). This substantial amount of waste poses environmental challenges; however, it also offers valuable opportunities for exploring its potential in the development of innovative, high-value products. The research objective was to investigate and optimize hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) parameters, including solid-to-liquid ratio, acid concentration, pressure, and time, to enhance the extraction efficiency of target compounds from Agave bagasse (AB). Acid concentration was identified as the most influential parameter for nutraceutical recovery. Autohydrolysis (AH) demonstrated superior performance compared to Diluted Acid Hydrolysis (DAH) in extracting high fructan (400 mg/g AB) and saponin content (11.6 and 1.3 mg/g AB for A. salmiana and A. americana, respectively) in the hydrolysates. In contrast, DAH with 0.1 M H2SO4 completely hydrolyzed saponins into sapogenins, presented increased total phenolic contents (12.8 to 15.1 mg/g AB), and produced higher yields of xylose and glucose, indicating enhanced hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysis. However, this method also produced significant amounts of the inhibitor 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). Notably, AH did not generate this inhibitor. The hydrolysates exhibited antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, Superoxide Radical Scavenging Assay (ABTS), and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Assay (TBARS). At a concentration of 200 mg/mL, the hydrolysates demonstrated a significant increase in glucose uptake in both insulin-resistant and normal human hepatic cancer cells (HepG2), comparable to that of the reference drug glibenclamide at 200 µM. The findings of this study demonstrate the superior performance of autohydrolysis compared to dilute acid hydrolysis and traditional solid-liquid extraction (SLE) in the recovery of fructans (88% higher in AH than DAH) and saponins (21 and 3.6 times higher in AH than SLE for A. salmiana and A. americana, respectively), which are the key nutraceuticals present in the bagasses of both agave species. The adoption of autohydrolysis holds significant potential for enhancing the value-added utilization of agave residues and promoting sustainable practices within the agave industry.