Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551039
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de las Maestrías correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Evaluation of the usage of ionic liquids as solvents in the crystallization process of acetylsalicylic acid based on the Green Chemistry principles(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-12-02) Peña Welsh, Griselda; ALVAREZ GUERRA, ALEJANDRO JUAN; 200196; Álvarez Guerra, Alejandro Juan; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Mancilla Méndez, Yasmany; Santibañez Aguilar, José Ezequiel; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyThis study proposes an alternate process in the crystallization of acetylsalicylic acid and evaluates the environmental impact of the new process. As a solution, proposes the use of ionic liquids as a substitute for conventional organic solvents. After creating solubility graphics for acetylsalicylic acid in three different ionic liquids, experimentation validated the new experimentation processes. The experiments show a higher yield of acetylsalicylic acid crystals than the yield obtained from conventional organic solvents. Finally, the study proposes a new environmental evaluation tool, the Solvent Greenness Preliminary Evaluation, to evaluate the environmental impact of the crystallization processes with ionic liquids. This tool scores each process's impact without considering the manufacture of the solvents involved in the process. The evaluation scores one of the ionic liquids as the greener option for crystallization.
- Design and modelling of novel process of continuous fermentation for bioethanol production(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-10-28) Cruz Castro, Raúl; Álvarez Guerra, Alejandro Juan; puemcuervo; Parra Saldivar, Roberto; Montesinos Castellanos, Alejandro; López Salinas, José Luis; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThe bioethanol is considered as alternative to swap fossil fuels in transportation, although its potential is blocked by its higher production cost compared to gasoline. The most important challenge in bioethanol research to address is reducing production cost by improving the process performance and efficiency. There are some pathways to overcome this challenge such as in-situ product removal, cell immobilization, and using disruptive reactor geometries. Therefore, disruptive reactor designs in coil tube and CFI geometries are proposed and simulated to understand its improvements compared to conventional straight tubular reactors. To analyze the performance of the proposed reactor design, a complete simulation study is done with the intention to identify the secondary flow and flow inversion effects in the fermentation process. Furthermore, an integrated continuous fermentation systems based on the proposed reactors coupled with pervaporation membrane are proposed and analyzed to determine its technical feasibility. The proposed coil tube and CFI reactors present improved mixing effects provoked by the presence of secondary flow and flow inversion which led to higher conversion rate, product concentration, and productivity, compared to the conventional reactors. And the integrated fermentation systems can offer an enhanced process productivity. Additionally, a statistical analysis was carried out with the simulations results with the intention of generating heuristic and design rules to be used to simplifying the design and operation of the proposed fermentation processes.
- Process Intensification of antisolvent crystallization using a coiled flow inverter(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2018-05-15) Benítez Chapa, Andrea Georgina; Álvarez Guerra, Alejandro Juan; López Guajardo, Enrique Alfonso; Montesinos Castellanos, AlejandroThe current scenario of the pharmaceutical industry, where final product quality has a fundamental priority, justifies the need for process intensification in order to shift from inefficient conventional batch production to continuous production methods. An alternative to reducing energy consumption in the purification step of pharmaceutical products is antisolvent continuous crystallization, a separation and purification technique that aims to produce particles of controlled size and purity by controlling the antisolvent addition rate, on which crystal birth and growth rates depend. This work experimentally studies the antisolvent continuous crystallization process of flufenamic acid, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), using the coiled flow inverter (CFI) as a novel crystallization device. Two strategies were studied as means to control crystal size distribution in the CFI technology: multistage antisolvent addition and a varied number of the reactor’s 90-degree bends. Experimental results show that mean crystal size of the studied API, increased with an increasing number of antisolvent addition points, thus suggesting a growth dominated process. On the other hand, mean crystal size decreased as the number of 90-degree bends increased, suggesting a nucleation dominated process. A narrower crystal size distribution (CSD) was also observed with an increased number of 90-degree bends. When compared to the CFI, mean crystal size and coefficient of variation were, in average, 1.8 and 3.5 times larger for the Kenics type crystallizer, respectively. This can be attributed to the high supersaturation induced by the effective mixing. Using the Population Balance Equation, as a mathematical model to describe the plug flow crystallization, crystal mass population density was calculated and compared with the obtained experimental data. High regression coefficients were obtained (0.96-0.99), which indicate that near plug flow behavior was achieved. Consequently, undesired crystallization process phenomena such as agglomeration, dissolution and breakage were successfully avoided, as they can lead to operational problems and a broad CSD. Process intensification (PI) was measured considering mean crystal size (µm) and coefficient of variation (CV) as product quality indicators. On the other hand, crystallization and pre-expansion temperatures, as well as extraction pressure, were considered as both energy savings and operational safety indicators. Six crystallizers of flufenamic acid were compared (batch, reactor without static mixers, Kenics type crystallizer, Kenics optimized, helical coil and RESS) to a CFI with three 90-degree bends. The CFI was the most intensified technology of all six, with IFtotal ranging from 2 (helical coil) to 392 (RESS). For this reason, it can be concluded that the main objective of this thesis, which was to intensify antisolvent crystallization processes, was achieved.
- Caracterización de la producción de carbonato de glicerol en una columna de destilación reactiva(2017-12) Guzmán Vega, Karen Ariadna; Álvarez Guerra, Alejandro Juan; Montesinos-Castellanos, Alejandro; López-Guajardo, Enrique A.El presente documento de tesis caracteriza la reacción de transesterificación de glicerina con dimetil carbonato (DMC) para producir carbonato de glicerol y metanol, empleando una columna de destilación reactiva. A través de simulaciones computacionales en Aspen Plus ®, se logró escalar y construir un prototipo experimental. La metodología propuesta disminuyó un 75% el tiempo de reacción reportado para alcanzar conversiones de glicerina superiores a 90%.
- Aplicación y modelación de líquidos iónicos para cristalizar ácido Acetil Salicílico (Aspirina) como alternativa para sustituir solventes orgánicos convencionales(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2012-04-01) Tamez García, Jesús Alberto; Álvarez Guerra, Alejandro Juan; Mendoza Domínguez, Alberto; García Orozco, Jorge Humberto; Programa de Graduados en Ingeniería; División de Ingeniería y Arquitectura; Campus MonterreyLa presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de encontrar nuevas alternativas que sustituyan el uso de solventes tradicionales en la industria química, principalmente en el área farmacéutica, cosmética, alimenticia, entre otras, dedicadas a producir productos de consumo humano. Para realizar éste análisis se investigó el comportamiento que como solventes tienen, los compuestos químicos denominados “líquidos iónicos” los cuales, han tomado un auge reciente en varias disciplinas de la química, como en la nanotecnología, la electroquímica, fisicoquímica y catálisis. Los líquidos iónicos utilizados como solventes alternativos, tienen la ventaja de ser no volátiles, no inflamables, y no requerir gran cantidad de energía (calor) para disolver un compuesto, además que pueden ser reutilizados evitando altos costos por disposición de residuos. Los compuestos utilizados durante la investigación y la fase de experimentación fueron como soluto, la aspirina (ácido acetilsalicílico o ácido 2-(acetiloxi)-benzoico) y como solvente, el líquido iónico denominado “bmim Otf” (1-butil-3-metilimidazolio trifluorometansulfanato). El método de análisis matemático requirió de un moldeamiento previo para determinar la compatibilidad del soluto y del solvente, el cual consideró básicamente la energía libre de Gibss de mezclado en una solución, la ecuación que representa el modelo (fisicoquímica) de solubilidades y finalmente el uso de la metodología UNIFAC para determinar los coeficientes de actividad involucradas en una solución determinada. Mediante la experimentación se obtuvieron resultados de solubilidad y cristalización de la aspirina, lo cual permitió determinar los valores que se pueden utilizar como coeficientes en posteriores modelaciones, así mismo, parámetros reales de rendimiento, pureza y cristalización. Durante la experimentación se lograron obtener valores de solubilización de la aspirina en el líquido iónico de 0.21 a 0.49 g/ml en un rango de temperatura de 10 a 50 C y en soluciones con agua (50% v/v), solubilidades de 0.13 a 0.55 g/ml en el mismo rango de temperatura. La cristalización solo pudo observarse en soluciones con agua, obteniendo en cristalización rápida un rendimiento de 57% con una pureza de 80.2% de aspirina, mientras que en una cristalización lenta, se obtuvo un rendimiento del 52% con una pureza del 98.5% de aspirina. La fase de experimentación y el análisis de los resultados anteriores indican que el líquido iónico en solución es muy efectivo para su uso como solvente si comparamos los resultados obtenidos de solubilidad y energía libre de Gibss, contra los mismos parámetros de solventes orgánicos tradicionales para disolver aspirina (como la acetona), sin embargo, la posibilidad de mejorar los parámetros obtenidos en esta investigación puede ser mejorados con experimentación posterior.