Gutiérrez Vega, Julio C.Hernández Aranda, Raúl Ignacio2015-08-172015-08-172008-01-05http://hdl.handle.net/11285/572465The propagation of electromagnetic beams through a large variety of optical systems has received much attention during the last two decades. Similar attention has been paid to singular points arising on fields that represent optical beams, also known as oTextoengopenAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA; CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS; TECNOLOGÍA ELECTRÓNICA; MAGNETISMOTecnología / TechnologyTheory and practice of education--Higher education—Preparation of thesesTesis de doctoradoElecromagnetismoGeneralizadoresPolarizaciones