Ramírez Montoya, María SoledadSanabria Zepeda, Jorge CarlosCastillo Martínez, Isolda MargaritaMiranda Mendoza, Jhonattan2022-01-102022-01-102021-01-04Ramírez-Montoya, M. S., Castillo-Martínez, I.M., Sanabria-Zepeda, J.C., & Miranda, J. (2022). Complex Thinking in the Framework of Education 4.0 and Open Innovation—A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Open Innovation:Technology, Market, and Complexity 8(4).https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010004https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010004https://hdl.handle.net/11285/643380Today’s complex, dynamic, interconnected world presents the field of education (“Education 4.0”) with significant challenges in developing competencies for reasoning for complexity. This article analyzes complex thinking as a macro-competency with sub-competencies of critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking in educational environments. We worked with the systematic literature review method, selecting 35 articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using keywords words of interest and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven research questions guided the data analysis. The results highlighted that: (a) there are common characteristics of studies linking complex thinking, critical thinking, and creative thinking; (b) there is predominance of the qualitative method in the studies; (c) the critical thinking competency has been the most addressed in the research; (d) the predominant components of Education 4.0 are teaching methods and techniques; and (e) the three challenges that stand out for educational research are project feasibility, research opportunities, and required skills. This article is intended to be of value to academic and social communities and decision-makers interested in developing reasoning for complexity within the framework of Education 4.0.TextoengopenAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA::PEDAGOGÍA::TEORÍA Y MÉTODOS EDUCATIVOSEducationArtículoJournal of Open Innovation:Technology, Market, and Complexityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-5499https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1274-706Xcomplex thinkingreasoning for complexityeducational innovationEducation 4.0higher educationopen innovationR4C&TE84Suiza / Switzerland